In the context of big data and the Internet of Things, the development of the Chinese nation is changing with each passing day, and the regional economic development has also shown a long-handed trend. With the development of the diversity of the Chinese nation, it has become more and more prosperous, which drives the sustainable development of the regional economy, but in the process of regional economic development, it also reflects the various contradictions and problems of my country’s economy in the ethnic minority regional economy. By studying the current status of Chinese nation diversity and regional economic development under the background of big data and the Internet of Things, this article pointed out the problems and contradictions in the development of national diversity and regional economic development, through the use of thermodynamic computing models for data analysis, and based the status quo of the economic development of Xinjiang region is an example, and it proposes measures to promote the coordinated development of the Chinese nation’s diversity and regional economic coordinated development.