The effects of experimentally induced attitudes upon task proficiency.

Payne, Richard E.; Hauty, George T.

doi:10.1037/h0057268

Cited by 35 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…It is reflected, however, in a perceptual-motor test and in a test involving Thurstone's perceptual factor A, interpreted by him as strength of closure against distraction (Thurstone, 1944). The closest analogy to these perceptual-motor disorders appears to be that afforded by similar disorders produced through the action of certain drugs, notably alcohol (Raven, 1942;Bjerver & Goldberg, 1950;Rabin & Blair, 1953;Drew, Colquhoun & Long, 1955 ;Drew, 1959), motion-sickness preventatives (Payne, 1953 ;Payne & Hauty, 1953a), and sedative or depressant drugs (Payne & Hauty, 1953b, 1954. Similar perceptual-motor disorders are also produced by anoxia (Adler, Burkhardt, Ivy & Atkinson, 1950;Steegman, 1951).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual‐Motor Disorders in Chronic Schizophrenia

Robertson

1962

Br J Soc Clin Psychol

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An assessment of chronic schizophrenics suggested that some showed marked perceptualmotor disturbances and others did not. Two extreme groups of twelve each were taken from those assessed and investigated experimentally in a series of every-day perceptualmotor tasks. Performance was analysed in terms of nineteen basic disorders which are listed. The two groups differed strongly in the extent to which they manifested these and the difference was stable over a short period. The contrast is unrelated to general neuropsychiatric status, social variables and differential aptitudes. The resemblance of the disorders to perceptual-motor disorders produced by certain drugs and by anoxia is noted and it is suggested that the basis of the contrast is biochemical and related to the fundamental aetiology of the schizophrenic illnesses. I . AIM OF INQUIRYThis investigation took its point of departure from an assessment of impairments in specific habits carried out on seventy severely deteriorated schizophrenics of both sexes undergoing treatment in a rehabilitation unit. The assessment among other data suggested that some of the patients showed marked perceptual-motor impairments while others, indistinguishable in regard to general neuropsychiatric status, showed little of such impairments. The primary aim of the investigation was to confirm that such a contrast in regard to perceptual-motor behaviour existed among the chronic schizophrenics and was stable on different occasions. Secondary aims were to confirm that the contrast was unrelated to general neuropsychiatric status and to attempt to relate it to variations in social data and performance on psychological tests. METHOD (a) SubjectsThe Ss of the investigation comprised an ineficient group of twelve whom the original assessment indicated to be highly impaired in perceptual-motor activities and an eficient group of twelve whom it indicated to be relatively unimpaired. The intention was to constitute the inefficient group of the six most impaired, and the efficient group of the six least impaired, in each sex. It was known from the assessment that the women in each group were likely to be less impaired than the men. The groups were constituted as intended except that one man had to be omitted from the inefficient group and three from the efficient group on grounds of probable uncooperativeness, the next in order of impairment according to the assessment being taken. (b) TusksThe Ss were required to carry out eight everyday perceptual-motor tasks under experimental conditions: ( I ) to clean and polish a pair of shoes; (2) to put laces in a pair of shoes and tie them in a bow; (3) to put on and tie a tie.(men) or to make up the face with powder and lipstick (women); (4) to put on a boiler-suit and an overcoat (men) or a smock and an overcoat (women); ( 5 ) to dig a hole in earth and fill it up again (men) or to thread a needle (women); (6) to drink a cup of tea; (7) to eat a piece of bread and jam; and (8) to walk up two flights of stairs and then walk down again.B

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual‐Motor Disorders in Chronic Schizophrenia

Robertson

1962

Br J Soc Clin Psychol

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“…On more gross motor performance tasks, the research is less ambiguous. In an airplane simulation task, Hauty and Payne (1955) and Payne and Hauty (1954) found caffeine helped prevent vigilance errors. Likewise, in a driving simulation task, caffeine served to prevent attention lapses, improved reaction time and led to better performance regarding sustained vigilance (Baker & Theologus, 1972;Regina, Smith, Keiper & McKelvey, 1974).…”

Section: Journal Of Police Crisis Negotiationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Effects of Caffeine and Caffeine Withdrawal/Deprivation on Hostage Negotiator Performance

Mullins¹

2003

Journal of Police Crisis Negotiations

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Caffeine is the most widely-used substance in the United States. Police use much more caffeine on average than most other segments of the workforce. Caffeine has both positive and negative effects on the user. The effects of caffeine and how caffeine might affect the hostage negotiator are reviewed. For the most part, use of caffeine during a hostage negotiation situation would be deleterious to negotiator performance; behaviorally, emotionally, and cognitively. Withdrawal and deprivation effects of caffeine are presented, along with discussions of how negotiator performance would be affected. General suggestions to guide negotiator use of caffeine during a hostage situation are presented.

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“…Caffeine has consistently resulted in improved performance in prolonged tasks; e.g., 4 hour task (2), 6 hour task (10), 7 hour task (22) ,and a 90 minute task (23).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These have looked at such diverse phenomena as the effects of the drug on olfactory sensitivity in dogs (20), sexual performance and maze learning retention in rats (31) , (21) , prolonged driving performance in an automobile simulator (23) , prolonged visual monitoring (2) , (12) , general attention in man (24) , prolonged simultaneous monitoring and tracking performance in a simulated avirition trainer (22), (10), and other assorted physiological or behavioral measures both in man and the lower animals (5), (17) , (30), (24) , (26) , (28). Pharmacology handbooks categorize caffeine as a central nervous system stimulant (14) , (27) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Caffeine on Human Dark Adaptation.

Morrison¹,

Long²

1977

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The effects of experimentally induced attitudes upon task proficiency.

Cited by 35 publications

References 13 publications

Perceptual‐Motor Disorders in Chronic Schizophrenia

Perceptual‐Motor Disorders in Chronic Schizophrenia

The Effects of Caffeine and Caffeine Withdrawal/Deprivation on Hostage Negotiator Performance

The Effect of Caffeine on Human Dark Adaptation.

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