The effects of exercise on children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Tantillo, Mary; Kesick, Christina M.; Hynd, George W.; Dishman, Rod K.

doi:10.1097/00005768-200202000-00004

Cited by 133 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Physical activities require increased concentration, perception, and self-directedness, which may be challenging for children with inattention. There are common biological systems, for example, dopamine and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), that are associated with ADHD, 14,15 obesity, 16,17 and physical inactivity, 54,55 which further support the concept of a link among all of these conditions. Less is known about potential mechanisms linking CD and obesity, and thus this needs further study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Book forum

Sharma

2014

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psych

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Objective: To prospectively investigate the association and directionality between attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and obesity from childhood to adolescence in the general population. We examined whether obesogenic behaviors, namely, physical inactivity and binge eating, underlie the potential ADHD symptom-obesity association. We explored whether childhood conduct disorder (CD) symptoms are related to adolescent obesity/physical inactivity. Method: At 7 to 8 years (n ¼ 8,106), teachers reported ADHD and CD symptoms, and parents reported body mass index (BMI) and physically active play. At 16 years (n ¼ 6,934), parents reported ADHD symptoms; adolescents reported physical activity (transformed to metabolic equivalent of task [MET] hours per week) and binge eating; BMI and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were measured via clinical examination. Obesity was defined using the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cut-offs for BMI and the 95th percentile cut-off for WHR. Results: Childhood ADHD symptoms significantly predicted adolescent obesity, rather than the opposite. Inattention-hyperactivity symptoms at 8 years were associated with indices of obesity at 16 years (obese BMI: odds ratio [OR] ¼ 1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] ¼ 1.10-3.33; 95th percentile WHR: OR ¼ 1.71, 95% CI ¼ 1.05-2.78), adjusted for gender, baseline BMI, physical activity, family structure change, and maternal education. Child CD symptoms associated with indices of adolescent obesity. Reduced physically active play in childhood predicted adolescent inattention (OR ¼ 1.61, 95% CI ¼ 1.16-2.24). Childhood ADHD and CD symptoms were linked with physical inactivity in adolescence (inattentionhyperactivity; OR ¼ 1.60, 95% CI ¼ 1.20-2.13), but not binge eating. Physical inactivity mediated the associations. Conclusions: Children with ADHD or CD symptoms are at increased risk for becoming obese and physically inactive adolescents. Physical activity may be beneficial for both behavior problems and obesity. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2014;53(4):425-436.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Book forum

Sharma

2014

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psych

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“…First, several reports suggest that exercise can increase calmness, decrease motor impersistence, improve behavior, and function as a dopaminergic adjuvant [33][34][35][36] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in gymnastics: preliminary findings

Kaufman

Bajaj

Schiltz

2011

Apunts. Medicina de l'Esport

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Background: Athletic performance without benefit from performance-enhancing substances is essential in amateur sports; yet, prohibiting specific medications creates discrimination against competitors with a medical illness. To avoid such inequalities, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) adopted international standards for therapeutic use exemptions (TUE). Attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treatment within the athletic population is a unique challenge. Stimulants, first-line treatment for ADHD, are prohibited unless alternative, nonprohibited medications have first been tried and found ineffective. The world prevalence of ADHD is 5.3%; however, there are no ADHD prevalence studies in sports. This paper addresses ADHD in a boys' gymnastics team, implications for further research with a proposed surveyquestionnaire to measure prevalence of ADHD with behavioral effects of gymnastics, and ethical considerations. Method: Preliminary ADHD prevalence in a boys' gymnastics team is presented with complementary literature review and a proposed survey-questionnaire to estimate actual ADHD prevalence in gymnastics populations with behavioral effects. Results: The parents of boys in a gymnastic reported that 5 of 7 (71.4%) boys were either diagnosed with ADHD in the past or had been treated with stimulant or non-stimulant medications for inattentive/hyperactive/impulsive behaviours. Parents described gymnastics as effective behavioral therapy in controlling/improving ADHD symptoms, with this effect extending into other environments (home/classroom). Only one parent was aware of WADA stimulant prohibition. Conclusions: A surprisingly large ADHD prevalence is reported in one boys' gymnastic team. Further research is required to verify this high ADHD prevalence and behavioral effects in gymnastics. A proposed survey-questionnaire to measure both ADHD prevalence and behavioral effects in gymnastics is presented. © 2010 Consell Català de l'Esport. Generalitat de Catalunya. Published by Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved. * Corresponding author. E-mail address: kaufmakr@umdnj.edu (K.R. Kaufman). Documento descargado de http://www.apunts.org el 29/06/2011. Copia para uso personal, se prohíbe la transmisión de este documento por cualquier medio o formato. Trastorno de déficit de atención/hiperactividad (TDAH) en gimnasia: resultados preliminares Resumen:Antecedentes: En el deporte amateur es esencial alcanzar un rendimiento deportivo sin el beneficio de sustancias que lo mejoren. Sin embargo, la prohibición de determinados fármacos genera una discriminación a los competidores con determinadas enfermedades. Para evitar esas desigualdades, la Agencia Mundial Antidopaje (AMA) aprobó las normas internacionales para la autorización de uso terapéutico (AUT). El tratamiento del trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) supone un desafío único en el deporte. Los estimulantes, el tratamiento de primera línea para el TDAH, están prohibidos a menos que haya medicamentos alternativos que hayan sido pre...

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“…Specifically, counseling and behavior modification methods may serve to supplement stimulant medication use and prove effective in the overall management of ADHD (AAP, 2001;Benner-Davis & Heaton, 2007;Wolraich, 1997). Another form of non-pharmacological treatment that may have promising benefits in children with ADHD, and has been the subject of both anecdotal (Bass, 1985;Higdon, 1999) and experimental reports (Berwid & Halperin, 2012;Chang, Liu, Yu, & Lee, 2012;Medina et al, 2010;Pontifex, Saliba, Raine, Picchietti, & Hillman, 2013;Tantillo, Kesick, Hynd, & Dishman, 2002;Verret, Guay, Berthiaume, Gardiner, & Beliveau, 2012), is the effect of exercise on behavior and neurocognitive function. Indeed, although a wealth of empirical evidence is lacking, exercise may stimulate the brain in a manner that is similar to the effect of stimulant medication (Tantillo, et al, 2002).…”

Section: Statement Of the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Exercise Effects on Measures of Attention and Impulsivity in Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Mahon¹,

Dean²,

McIntosh³

et al. 2013

JEDP

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This study examined the effect of a single bout of exercise on measures of attention and impulsivity in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Children with ADHD (n = 21, 11.3 ± 1.8 yrs) and children without ADHD (n = 21, 11.6 ± 1.9 yrs) participated in the study. After performing an initial exercise test to measure peak aerobic exercise capacity, the children reported to the laboratory for 2 additional trials. For children with ADHD one trial was performed off medication and the other trial occurred on medication. During each testing session the Connor's Continuous Performance Test II (CCPT II) was performed immediately before and after 20 minutes of intermittent exercise (30 sec exercise/30 sec rest) at 90% of peak aerobic work rate. Errors of omission, errors of commission, and reaction time (t-scores) were assessed from the CCPT II. The data were analyzed with a 3-way (group x trial x time) MANOVA. There was a significant increase in the error of omission t-score over time (pre to post exercise). There were no significant findings for the error of commission t-score. In the ADHD group the reaction time score was significantly higher than children without ADHD, significantly decreased with medication, and significantly increased over time. No other interaction or main effects were observed. Further research identifying the optimal exercise intensity and duration that can improve behavior, neurocognitive function, and academic performance is warranted.

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The effects of exercise on children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Cited by 133 publications

References 41 publications

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in gymnastics: preliminary findings

Acute Exercise Effects on Measures of Attention and Impulsivity in Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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