The effects of exercise intensity on post exercise hypotension

MacDonald, JR; MacDougall, J. D.; Hogben, CD

doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1000866

Cited by 83 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In those studies that have observed a decline in blood pressure following exercise, the average decrement in pressure was approximately 8/9 (SBP/DBP) mm Hg in the normotensive population, 16,[20][21][22][23]25,[31][32][33][34][35] 14/9 mm Hg in the borderline hypertensive population [10][11][12]34,[36][37][38][39] and 10/7 mm Hg in the hypertensive population. 13 37 We recently examined the effects of the exercising muscle mass by comparing the PEH response to both leg and arm ergometry at the same relative intensity.…”

Section: Magnitude Of the Blood Pressure Declinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have found no difference in the magnitude of hypotension following 30 min of cycle ergometry at power outputs eliciting 50% and 75% V · O 2 Peak in normotensive volunteers. 36 Pescatello et al 44 23 compared three sets of five exercises at 40 and 70% of one repetition maximum (RM) and demonstrated significant PEH in a normotensive population with similar pressure decrements between trials. The decrease in blood pressure was comparable to the drop found after 25 min of cycle ergometry at 70% of V · O 2 Peak .…”

Section: Intensity Of the Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,10,15,16,19,24,32,[34][35][36][37][38][39][41][42][43]45,47,[57][58][59][60]63,[75][76][77] Inter-experimental comparisons are difficult across studies, since a variety of exer-Journal of Human Hypertension cise intensities and blood pressure measurement techniques have been used.…”

Section: Duration Of the Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,16,31,44,49,57,61 Most studies have measured blood pressure for only 1-2 h following exercise 12,13,16,20,22,23,25,34,[36][37][38][39]55,58,75 and the majority of these have found a nadir in blood pressure during that time with a return or trend towards baseline pressure at the cessation of measurement.…”

Section: Duration Of the Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies in our laboratory using a similar borderline hypertensive population have found blood pressure returning to normal within the first hour after exercise when subjects remained sedentary. 12,36 A long duration, controlled study needs to be completed to truly assess the time course of PEH.…”

Section: Duration Of the Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential causes, mechanisms, and implications of post exercise hypotension

2002

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Post exercise hypotension (PEH) is a phenomenon of a prolonged decrease in resting blood pressure in the minutes and hours following acute exercise. Knowledge of PEH is potentially useful in designing first line strategies against hypertension as well as allowing a further understanding of blood pressure regulation in both Keywords: blood pressure; vascular; cardiac; opioids; exercise Blood pressure responses during exerciseDuring dynamic exercise, cardiac output increases dramatically to ensure adequate perfusion to the working musculature. This increase is achieved by a withdrawal of parasympathetic tone (causing an increased heart rate and contractility), an increase in sympathetic activity (directly and indirectly increasing heart rate and contractility) and pronounced vasoconstriction of the venous vasculature (causing a greater venous return and therefore stroke volume). In parallel, the need for increased blood flow and oxygen delivery to the exercising muscle is achieved through regional vasodilation of those arterioles supplying blood to the exercising tissue in combination with a vasoconstriction of arterioles, which perfuse non-essential tissues. Although the mechanism of vasodilation at the onset of exercise is not fully understood, many compounds (eg, potassium, adenosine, nitric oxide, etc) have been implicated in the exercise induced changes. Contraction of the active muscle mass also assists in returning blood towards the heart. This 'muscle pump' effect further increases venous return and stroke volume.Increased cardiac output and vasoconstriction in non-exercising vascular beds increases systolic blood pressure (SBP), but the significant vasodilation at the exercising muscle beds helps to buffer this increase and results in a minimal rise in diastolic blood pressure (DBP). As exercise continues Correspondence: JR MacDonald, McMaster University Medical Centre, Room 4U18, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada. E-mail: jaymacȰmcmaster.ca health and disease. Following a brief review of blood pressure responses to exercise, this paper will provide a current and comprehensive summary of PEH and integrate the current state of knowledge surrounding it.

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Section: Magnitude Of the Blood Pressure Declinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Intensity Of the Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Duration Of the Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Duration Of the Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Duration Of the Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential causes, mechanisms, and implications of post exercise hypotension

2002

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The effect of exercise intensity on the post-exercise esophageal temperature response

Kenny

Niedre

2002

Eur J Appl Physiol

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On 2 separate days, nine volunteers aged 23.8 (2.0) years performed 15-min bouts of treadmill running in a temperature-controlled chamber at 29 degrees C at a power output that elicited either 70% (moderate) or 93% (intense) of maximum oxygen consumption. Exercise was followed by a 45-min recovery period. End-exercise esophageal temperature (Tes) was elevated by 0.97 degrees C and 2.17 degrees C above baseline for the moderate and intense exercise trials, respectively. Post-exercise Tes achieved a sustained elevated value of 0.38 degrees C and 0.79 degrees C within 15 min of exercise cessation. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) for both exercise trials became hypotensive for the full recovery period, with the magnitude of the reduction being greater for the intense exercise (P < 0.05). Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was unaffected by exercise intensity and values were lower than baseline between 15 min and 30 min post-exercise (P < 0.05). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was reduced from baseline for both exercise trials, with intense exercise showing a greater decrement (P < 0.05). It was shown that the increase in the post-exercise hypotensive response, induced by exercise of increasing intensity, was paralleled by an increase in the magnitude of the post-exercise elevation in Tes (i.e., a difference of 0.41 degrees C between conditions).

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Is the magnitude of acute post-exercise hypotension mediated by exercise intensity or total work done?

et al. 2007

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise intensity on the magnitude of acute post-exercise hypotension while controlling for total work done over the exercise bout. Seven normotensive physically active males aged 28 +/- 6 years (mean +/- SD) completed four experimental trials, a no exercise control, 30 min of semi-recumbent cycling at 70% VO2peak (INT), cycling for 30 min at 40% VO2peak (SMOD) and cycling at 40% VO2peak for a time which corresponded to the same total work done as in the intense trial (LMOD). Blood pressure (BP), heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, total peripheral resistance, core body temperature and forearm skin and limb blood flow were measured prior to and for 20 min following the exercise bout. Post-exercise summary statistics were compared between trials with a one-factor general linear model. The change in systolic BP, averaged over the 20-min post-exercise period was significantly lower only following the INT (-5 +/- 3 mm Hg) and LMOD exercise (-1 +/- 7 mm Hg) compared to values in control (P < 0.04). The changes in systolic BP and MAP following INT and LMOD were not significantly different from each other (P > 0.05). Similar results were obtained when the minimum values of these variables recorded during the post-exercise period were compared. Mean changes in cardiac output (1.9 +/- 0.3 l min(-1)) and total peripheral resistance (-3 +/- 1 mm Hg l(-1 )min(-1)) after INT exercise were also different from those in CON (P < 0.0005). The acute post-exercise reduction in BP was clinically similar following high intensity short duration exercise and moderate intensity longer duration exercise that was matched for total work done.

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The effects of exercise intensity on post exercise hypotension

Cited by 83 publications

References 15 publications

Potential causes, mechanisms, and implications of post exercise hypotension

Potential causes, mechanisms, and implications of post exercise hypotension

The effect of exercise intensity on the post-exercise esophageal temperature response

Is the magnitude of acute post-exercise hypotension mediated by exercise intensity or total work done?

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