The effects of ethanol–unleaded gasoline blends and ignition timing on engine performance and exhaust emissions

Topgül, Tolga; Yücesu, H. Serdar; Çınar, Can; Koca, Atilla

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2006.01.004

Cited by 142 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Combustion studies with ethanol in SI engines have been carried out by [2][3][4][5][6][7], focusing on performance characteristics, while others [8][9][10][11] have concentrated on engine emission measurements; most of these were done on Port Fuel Injection (PFI) engines. Very few studies have been conducted in latest technology Direct Injection Spark-Ignition (DISI) engines that are typically very sensitive to fuel properties; more to the point, in some of those studies, certain trends illustrate great diversity.…”

Section: Combustion Of Alcohol Blends In Enginesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of flame development with ethanol, butanol, iso-octane, gasoline and methane in a direct-injection spark-ignition engine

Aleiferis

Serras-Pereira

Richardson

2013

Fuel

136

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Section: Combustion Of Alcohol Blends In Enginesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of flame development with ethanol, butanol, iso-octane, gasoline and methane in a direct-injection spark-ignition engine

Aleiferis

Serras-Pereira

Richardson

2013

Fuel

136

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“…However, most of these involved Port Fuel Injection (PFI) systems Topgül et al 2006;Nakata et al, 2006;Cooney et al, 2009). Butanol itself has been studied in the literature much less than ethanol and mostly in PFI engines as well; some benefits in terms of blending have been reported (e.g.…”

Section: Combustion Of Alcohol Fuel Blends In Enginesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into Stoichiometric and Lean Combustion Phenomena of Gasoline–Butanol, Gasoline–Ethanol, Iso-Octane–Butanol, and Iso-Octane–Ethanol Blends in an Optical Spark-Ignition Engine

Aleiferis

Behringer

OudeNijeweme

et al. 2017

Combustion Science and Technology

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“…Topgül et al 8 investigated the effects of ethanolgasoline blends (E0, E10, E20, E40, E60) and ignition timing on performance and emissions. The experimental results showed that the brake torque slightly increased and CO and HC emissions decreased when an ethanol-gasoline blend was used.…”

Section: Technical Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ethanol-Gasoline Blends on Small Engine Generator Energy Efficiency and Exhaust Emission

Lin

Chang

Hsieh

2010

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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This study was focused on fuel energy efficiency and pollution analysis of different ratios of ethanol-gasoline blended fuels (E0, E3, E6, and E9) under different loadings. In this research, the experimental system consisted of a small engine generator, a particulate matter measurement system, and an exhaust gas analyzer system. Different fuels, unleaded gasoline, and ethanol-gasoline blends (E0, E3, E6, and E9) were used to study their effects on the exhaust gas emission and were expressed as thermal efficiency of the small engine generator energy efficiency. The results suggested that particle number concentration increased as the engine loading increased; however, it decreased as the ethanol content in the blend increased. While using E6 as fuel, the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration was less than other fuels (E0, E3, and E9) for each engine loading. The average of CO concentration reduction by using E3, E6, and E9 is 42, 86, and 83%, respectively. Using an ethanol-gasoline blend led to a significant reduction in exhaust emissions by approximately 78.7, 97.5, and 89.46% of the mean average values of hydrocarbons (HCs) with E3, E6, and E9 fuels, respectively, for all engine loadings. Using an ethanol-gasoline blend led to a significant reduction in exhaust emissions by approximately 35, 86, and 77% of the mean average values of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) with E3, E6, and E9 fuels, respectively, at each engine loading. The E6 fuel gave the best results of the exhaust emissions, and the E9 fuel gave the best results of the particle emissions and engine performance. The thermal efficiency of the small engine generator increased as the ethanol content in the blend increased and as the engine loading increased. INTRODUCTIONWith higher scale of consumption of nonrenewable fuels, the quest for an appropriate alternative fuel has gathered great momentum. The consequence to reduce pollutant emissions from petroleum-based engines has actuated the development and testing of several alternative fuels in recent years.Alcohols (e.g., ethanol, which is a colorless liquid with mild characteristic odor and can be produced from coal, natural gas, and biomass) have a high octane number and can be used as one of the practical alternative fuels. Furthermore, ethanol has a higher heat of vaporization than gasoline, which means it freezes the air, allows more mass to be drawn into the cylinder, and increases the power output. In addition, ethanol has antiknock characteristics that improve engine efficiency and give higher compression ratios.Ethanol contains an oxygen atom; therefore, it can be regarded as a partially oxidized fuel. 1,2 Because of this, it has a lower heating value and stoichiometric fuel-to-air ratio than gasoline. As a result, much more fuel is needed to obtain the same performance when ethanol or ethanolgasoline blends are used. 1,3,4 Ethanol has a higher octane number than gasoline, thus it can lead to operation at higher compression ratios and therefore improvement in power output, efficiency, and fuel con...

show abstract

The effects of ethanol–unleaded gasoline blends and ignition timing on engine performance and exhaust emissions

Cited by 142 publications

References 10 publications

Characterisation of flame development with ethanol, butanol, iso-octane, gasoline and methane in a direct-injection spark-ignition engine

Characterisation of flame development with ethanol, butanol, iso-octane, gasoline and methane in a direct-injection spark-ignition engine

Insights into Stoichiometric and Lean Combustion Phenomena of Gasoline–Butanol, Gasoline–Ethanol, Iso-Octane–Butanol, and Iso-Octane–Ethanol Blends in an Optical Spark-Ignition Engine

Effect of Ethanol-Gasoline Blends on Small Engine Generator Energy Efficiency and Exhaust Emission

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