The Effects of Ethanol on Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Composition

SalemJr., Norman; Ward, G. R.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2470-0_3

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Women with known fatty acid metabolic disorders and with high-risk pregnancies, including hypertensives, diabetics, and those developing gestational diabetes, were excluded from the study. As alcohol has known effects on fatty acid metabolism and composition (40,41), women consuming alcohol during pregnancy were not included in this analysis focused on pregnancy and postpartum effects. Maternal fasting blood samples (15 ml) were collected by venipuncture at 24 weeks of gestation, at delivery, and at 3 months postpartum.…”

Section: Subjects and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of bloodstream fatty acid composition from African-American women at gestation, delivery, and postpartum

Stark

Beblo

Murthy

et al. 2005

Journal of Lipid Research

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102

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Section: Subjects and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of bloodstream fatty acid composition from African-American women at gestation, delivery, and postpartum

Stark

Beblo

Murthy

et al. 2005

Journal of Lipid Research

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102

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“…Countries with high fish intake have been associated with lower rates of depression, and the n-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are proposed to be among the protective factors1-6. Omega-3-deficient states such as alcoholism, pregnancy, and the post-partum period have been linked with depression7-11, and depressed individuals have demonstrated marked depletions in omega-3 FAs in red blood cell phospholipids and lower docosahexanoic acid (DHA) levels in adipose, compared to controls11. As a whole, these data strongly suggest a psychotropic role for the omega-3 fatty acids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial of Ethyl-Eicosapentaenoate for Major Depressive Disorder

Mischoulon¹,

Papakostas²,

Dording³

et al. 2009

J. Clin. Psychiatry

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NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptObjective-We examined the efficacy and tolerability of ethyl-eicosapentaenoate (EPA-E) monotherapy for major depressive disorder (MDD) in a double-blind, randomized controlled pilot study.Methods-57 adults with DSM-IV MDD were randomized from 1/2003-6/2006 to receive 1 gram/day of EPA or placebo (PBO) for 8 weeks. Response criteria were based on the Hamilton-D-17 scale. Subjects' plasma lipid profiles were examined by gas chromatography.Results-35 subjects (63% female; mean age 45+/-13 yrs) were eligible for the intent to treat (ITT) analysis. In the ITT sample, mean HAM-D-17 scores decreased from 21.6+/-2.7 to 13.9+/-8.9 for the EPA group (n=16) and from 20.5+/-3.6 to 17.5+/-7.5 for the PBO group (n=19) (p=0.123); the effect size for EPA was 0.55. ITT response rates were 38% (6/16) for EPA, and 21% (4/19) for PBO (p=0.45). Among the 24 study completers, mean HAM-D-17 scores decreased from 21.3+/-3.0 to 11.1+/-8.1 for the EPA group and from 20.5+/-3.8 to 16.3+/-6.9 for the PBO group (p=0.087); the effect size for EPA was 0.73. Completer response rates were 45% (5/11) for EPA, and 23% (3/13) for PBO (p=0.39). Among EPA subjects, baseline n-6/n-3 ratio was associated with decrease in HAM-D-17 score (r= -0.686, p=0.030) and with treatment response (p=0.032); change in n-6/n-3 ratio was associated with change in HAM-D-17 score (r=0.784, p=0.032). Side effects, reported in 2 EPA subjects and 5 PBO subjects, were exclusively gastrointestinal, mild, and not associated with discontinuation.Conclusions-EPA demonstrated an advantage over placebo that did not reach statistical significance, possibly due to the small sample and low completer rates, which were the major study limitations.

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“…Ten adult male rhesus and diets containing unusually high amounts of these fatty monkeys (Macaca mulatta) (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16) kg) free of known pathogens were acids may cause an overproduction of aldehydes. Alternaselected from the facility's primate colony, housed separately, and tively, diets containing lower amounts of antioxidant vita-fasted before experimental procedures were performed.…”

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confidence: 99%

The effects of low dietary levels of polyunsaturates on alcohol-induced liver disease in rhesus monkeys

Pawlosky¹

1997

Hepatology

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Rhesus monkeys that were maintained on a diet containing strongly influenced by the type and amount of dietary fat (for review, see Salem 14 ). For instance, research in baboons low, yet adequate, amounts of vitamins C and E and in which linoleate and linolenate represented 1.4% and 0.08% of the has shown that an alcohol-induced loss of certain liver polyunsaturated phospholipids is associated with the developtotal caloric intake, respectively, developed liver fibrosis after consuming alcohol (mean, 2.6 g kg 01 d 01 ) over a period of 3 ment of septal fibrosis and cirrhosis. 15 We postulated that a diet containing low amounts of essential fatty acids (EFAs) years. In the liver, several polyunsaturated fatty acids including 18:2n6, 20:4n6, and 22:6n3 decreased compared with might potentiate the alcohol-induced depletion of liver polyunsaturated phospholipids and lead to the development of dietary controls, and similar findings were also observed in plasma lipoproteins and erythrocytes. The amount of alcohol fibrosis. Some alcohol abusers may have an increased risk of depleting the liver of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids consumed correlated positively with plasma lipid peroxidation products, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and 8-isopro-if they are not receiving an adequate dietary intake of EFAs.It was hypothesized that animals that are chronically fed stane F 2 a, and negatively with 20:4n6 and 22:6n3 levels. These findings imply that alcoholics who also have a marginal alcohol and maintained on a diet containing marginal amounts of essential fatty acids (EFAs) with lowered but intake of essential fatty acids and antioxidants in their diets may be at an increased risk of developing liver disease. (HEPA-adequate levels of antioxidants would develop liver disease.In the present study, rhesus monkeys were maintained on a TOLOGY 1997;26:1386-1392.) diet in which EFAs were supplied by olive oil and which also had somewhat reduced levels of vitamins E and C, and In alcoholics, poor nutrition is associated with an inthey were given free access to an artificially sweetened 7% creased incidence of and/or severity of liver disease and other ethanol solution. Indices of lipid peroxidation and alterations alcohol-related pathologies. 1-4 Alcohol-feeding studies in aniin the fatty acyl composition of tissues were used to monitor mals have been used to model some of the features of human the effects of prolonged alcohol consumption. liver disease. [5][6][7] For example, when alcohol-fed rodents are maintained on diets containing very high levels of polyunsat- MATERIALS AND METHODSurated fatty acids, animals develop fatty liver, inflammation, and fibrosis. 6,7 The hydroxy-aldehydes that result from the Animal Procedures. Animal procedures were performed in accordance with the NIH animal welfare guidelines, and the protocol alcohol-induced oxidation of these fatty acids are believed to was approved by the National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol stimulate stellate cell proliferation and collagen deposition, 8,9 Abuse Animal...

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The Effects of Ethanol on Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Composition

Cited by 18 publications

References 46 publications

Comparison of bloodstream fatty acid composition from African-American women at gestation, delivery, and postpartum

Comparison of bloodstream fatty acid composition from African-American women at gestation, delivery, and postpartum

A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial of Ethyl-Eicosapentaenoate for Major Depressive Disorder

The effects of low dietary levels of polyunsaturates on alcohol-induced liver disease in rhesus monkeys

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