The Effects of Episodic Versus Continuous and Major Versus Mild Depression and Anxiety Symptoms on Pregnancy and Labour Complications

Abstract

Background: Depression occurs in approximately 20% of pregnant women, with up to 25% experiencing anxiety. Various pregnancy and labour complications have been associated with maternal mood problems.Methods: This population study of antenatal and early postpartum depression and maternal, child outcomes involved 649 women assessed three times: the second trimester, the third trimester, and in the early postpartum. Our objective was to determine the occurrence and outcomes on pregnancy and labour of major and mild depression.Results: Major depression in the second trimester was significantly associated with developing gestational diabetes and swelling/edema. Major depression that occurred continuously throughout pregnancy was significantly associated with induced labour and antenatal bleeding/abruption. Mild depression in the second trimester was significantly associated with antenatal bleeding/abruption and premature rupture of the membranes. Mild depression in the third trimester was associated with caesarean birth. Mild depression that occurred continuously throughout pregnancy was significantly associated with the use of vacuum/forceps or operative delivery. Conclusions:Our findings show that either episodic depression or mild depression can have significant negative impact on pregnancy and labour complications.