The effects of environmental factors on leeches

Abstract

Leeches are indispensable organisms of the aquatic ecosystem. The worldwide are identified over than 650 species of leeches. These organisms live in freshwater, estuarine, marine, and semi-terrestrial ecosystems. Leeches occur in slow flowing parts of streams and rivers, in artificial and natural lakes, in marine, in habitats such as marsh and lagoon. Leeches are found in the zone of the benthic and occasionally pelagic communities of artificial and natural lakes, ponds, marine, habitats such as marshes and lagoons and slow flowing parts of streams and rivers. Some species of leech are parasitic, and most are fed predators. Some species of leeches, which have undertaken important tasks in the ecosystem, are also endangered.Leeches, which are a member of the Clitellata class, are at the forefront of aquatic organisms affected by environmental negativity. In particular, human-induced environmental pressures are the most important factors that put the generation of leeches at risk. Leeches are most affected by agricultural activity, excessive collection, dangerous chemical compounds in water, increasing urbanization and global climate change.

Вплив «Coral-Mine» на життєздатність та розведення медичних п’явок (Hirudo verbana та Hirudo orientalis)

“…В наш час, ці цілющі тварини зникають із дикої природи, із-за впливу різних негативних факторів, один із яких -це забруднені водойми та грунт різними ксенобіотичними речовинами 7-9 . Наприклад, наявність у воді інсекцитидів: дихлордифенілтрихлорметилметану, хлордану, дінексу 16 ; пестицидів, нітратів та фосфорних добрив 17 ; цинку, міді, паладію та кадмію [18][19][20][21] ; сприяють зміні поведінкових реакцій та зростаню смертності МП 16,[18][19][20][21] . Тому МП у більшості країнах світу віднесені до Червоної книги, як чутливий вид, а їх утримання та розведення, зараз в більшості проводиться у штучних умовах на біофабриках та біофермах.…”

What Is Need To Be Known About Medicinal Leeches And Hirudotherapy?: A Comprehensive Review

“…Authorized institutions that use leech therapy is responsible for the increase demand for leeches and this to over-collection, illegal utilization, and bio-smuggling attempts, which pose severe threats to the sustainability of the leech populations (10,12,21). In addition to the increasing demand for leeches, degradation of natural habitats and reduction of pastoral farming, an essential source of food for leeches, have led to a significant decline in leech populations (30)(31)(32). This situation has caused the medicinal leeches to become endangered and paved the way for them to be protected by international conventions, such as IUCN, CITES, Berne convention, and EU Habitat Directive (24,33,34).…”

Vol:37 Issue:3

“…Medicinal leech population of Hirudo verbana mostly exist in freshwater ecosystems in Turkey. Although Turkey's natural habitats and suitable climate provide optimum breeding conditions, excessive harvesting and the destruction of freshwater habitats lead to the extinction of medicinal leeches (Saglam, 2018). In order to prevent their worldwide extinction, medicinal leeches were put under protection in 183 countries by CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora).…”