The effects of elevated temperatures on yeast. II. Induction of respiratory‐deficient mutants

Sherman, Frederick S.

doi:10.1002/jcp.1030540106

Cited by 74 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The combined effects of ethanol and heat on cellular growth have been previously established as detrimental factors leading to a significant decrease in growth rate or viability (46,47,54). These effects are likely due to the denaturing properties of both heat and high concentrations of ethanol on the structure and stability of both lipids and proteins, leading to a synergistic effect compared to the results with heat or ethanol alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SYM1 Is the Stress-Induced Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ortholog of the Mammalian Kidney Disease Gene Mpv17 and Is Required for Ethanol Metabolism and Tolerance during Heat Shock

Trott¹,

Morano²

2004

Eukaryot Cell

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Organisms rapidly adapt to severe environmental stress by inducing the expression of a wide array of heat shock proteins as part of a larger cellular response program. We have used a genomics approach to identify novel heat shock-induced genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The uncharacterized open reading frame (ORF) YLR251W was found to be required for both metabolism and tolerance of ethanol during heat shock. YLR251W has significant homology to the mammalian peroxisomal membrane protein Mpv17, and Mpv17 ؊/؊ mice exhibit age-onset glomerulosclerosis, deafness, hypertension, and, ultimately, death by renal failure. Expression of Mpv17 in ylr251w⌬ cells complements the 37°C ethanol growth defect, suggesting that these proteins are functional orthologs. We have therefore renamed ORF YLR251W as SYM1 (for "stress-inducible yeast Mpv17"). In contrast to the peroxisomal localization of Mpv17, we find that Sym1 is an integral membrane protein of the inner mitochondrial membrane. In addition, transcriptional profiling of sym1⌬ cells uncovered changes in gene expression, including dysregulation of a number of ethanol-repressed genes, exclusively at 37°C relative to wild-type results. Together, these data suggest an important metabolic role for Sym1 in mitochondrial function during heat shock. Furthermore, this study establishes Sym1 as a potential model for understanding the role of Mpv17 in kidney disease and cardiovascular biology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SYM1 Is the Stress-Induced Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ortholog of the Mammalian Kidney Disease Gene Mpv17 and Is Required for Ethanol Metabolism and Tolerance during Heat Shock

Trott¹,

Morano²

2004

Eukaryot Cell

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“…Third, only daughter cells became petites whereas a mother cell was still able to give rise to normal progeny after producing a petite bud. Fourth, resistance to Adr1 hyperactivity (in a certain genetic context) correlated with resistance to euflavine and high temperature effects for petite production; these two conditions also cause only buds to become petites (83,273). Suppressors of the overproduction of petites were sought in order to clarify the Adr1p effect.…”

Section: Gene Overexpression Can Increase Mtdna Instabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Maintenance and Integrity of the Mitochondrial Genome: a Plethora of Nuclear Genes in the Budding Yeast

Contamine

Picard

2000

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

262

209

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SUMMARY Instability of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) is a general problem from yeasts to humans. However, its genetic control is not well documented except in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. From the discovery, 50 years ago, of the petite mutants by Ephrussi and his coworkers, it has been shown that more than 100 nuclear genes directly or indirectly influence the fate of the rho+ mtDNA. It is not surprising that mutations in genes involved in mtDNA metabolism (replication, repair, and recombination) can cause a complete loss of mtDNA (rho0 petites) and/or lead to truncated forms (rho−) of this genome. However, most loss-of-function mutations which increase yeast mtDNA instability act indirectly: they lie in genes controlling functions as diverse as mitochondrial translation, ATP synthase, iron homeostasis, fatty acid metabolism, mitochondrial morphology, and so on. In a few cases it has been shown that gene overexpression increases the levels of petite mutants. Mutations in other genes are lethal in the absence of a functional mtDNA and thus convert this petite-positive yeast into a petite-negative form: petite cells cannot be recovered in these genetic contexts. Most of the data are explained if one assumes that the maintenance of the rho+ genome depends on a centromere-like structure dispensable for the maintenance of rho− mtDNA and/or the function of mitochondrially encoded ATP synthase subunits, especially ATP6. In fact, the real challenge for the next 50 years will be to assemble the pieces of this puzzle by using yeast and to use complementary models, especially in strict aerobes.

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“…13). Growth at the supraoptimum temperatures of 37°-40'C causes a high rate of p+ -p-mitochondrial mutations (14) and of KIL-k -KIL-o "killer mutations" (15) (Figs. 1-4); sectored colonies are observed at relatively high frequencies (Figs.…”

Section: Lack Of Induction Of 41-mutant By Growth At Elevatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutation of the non-Mendelian suppressor, Ψ ⁺ , in yeast by hypertonic media

Singh

Helms

Sherman

1979

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The 4+ extrachromosomal determinant in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae suppresses certain UAA markers and increases the efficiency of suppression of UAA suppressors and certain frameshift suppressors. Although the exact nature of 4+ determinant is unknown, it is believed to be a self-replicating cytoplasmic factor affecting some component of the translational machinery. In this report we describe growth conditions for efficient mutation or elimination of the 4+ determinant. Incubation of 4+ cultures in hypertonic nutrient medium resulted in rapid conversion to a culture containing predominantly 4-cells during the growth cycle. The kinetics of + to 4-conversion established that the occurrence of 4-cells was due to induction and not to selection of pre-existing 4-cells. The results suggest that the replication of the A+ determinant is sensitive to hypertonic conditions. Media. The routine nutrient medium contained 1% Bactoyeast extract, 2% Bacto-peptone, and 2% dextrose. The hypertonic media were prepared by supplementing the nutrient medium with potassium chloride or ethylene glycol. Glycerol medium consisted of 1% Bacto-yeast extract, 2% Bacto-peptone, and 3% (vol/vol) glycerol. Either 1% or 2% Noble agar was added if solidification was desired.Population Analysis. Freshly grown cells were inoculated into hypertonic media to an initial titer of approximately 106 cells/ml. The cultures were incubated at 300C with vigorous shaking. At various times samples were withdrawn, sonicated to disperse the cell clusters, and plated on nutrient medium after appropriate dilutions. In some experiments the cells were also plated on a nutrient medium containing 10% dextrose, a medium that intensifies the red coloration conferred by the ade2-1 marker (11). The nutrient plates were incubated at 30'C and the number and types of the resulting colonies were scored after 3-5 days. At least 5000-8000 colonies were scored when the 41 cells were relatively rare at early incubation times. Cell densities allowing approximately 200 colonies per plate were used for most experiments, whereas higher densities, allowing colonies per plate, were used for examining the cell types during the first 4 hr of incubation of the cultures in ethylene glycol. The numbers of 0-red colonies could be accurately counted over the high background of white colonies.In some experiments the growth in liquid hypertonic media was monitored by measuring the turbidity with a Klett-Summerson photoelectric colorimeter equipped with a no. 62 light filter.Phenotypes. The degree of suppression in strains carrying various UAA markers can be conveniently estimated from the growth on omission media and from the degree of coloration conferred by the ade2-1 marker. Although these properties can vary with different strains, the patterns usually observed are presented in Table 2

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The effects of elevated temperatures on yeast. II. Induction of respiratory‐deficient mutants

Cited by 74 publications

References 29 publications

SYM1 Is the Stress-Induced Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ortholog of the Mammalian Kidney Disease Gene Mpv17 and Is Required for Ethanol Metabolism and Tolerance during Heat Shock

SYM1 Is the Stress-Induced Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ortholog of the Mammalian Kidney Disease Gene Mpv17 and Is Required for Ethanol Metabolism and Tolerance during Heat Shock

Maintenance and Integrity of the Mitochondrial Genome: a Plethora of Nuclear Genes in the Budding Yeast

Mutation of the non-Mendelian suppressor, Ψ ⁺ , in yeast by hypertonic media

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The effects of elevated temperatures on yeast. II. Induction of respiratory‐deficient mutants

Cited by 74 publications

References 29 publications

SYM1 Is the Stress-Induced Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ortholog of the Mammalian Kidney Disease Gene Mpv17 and Is Required for Ethanol Metabolism and Tolerance during Heat Shock

SYM1 Is the Stress-Induced Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ortholog of the Mammalian Kidney Disease Gene Mpv17 and Is Required for Ethanol Metabolism and Tolerance during Heat Shock

Maintenance and Integrity of the Mitochondrial Genome: a Plethora of Nuclear Genes in the Budding Yeast

Mutation of the non-Mendelian suppressor, Ψ + , in yeast by hypertonic media

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Mutation of the non-Mendelian suppressor, Ψ ⁺ , in yeast by hypertonic media