The Effects of Elevated CO2 Concentration on Soybean Gene Expression. An Analysis of Growing and Mature Leaves

Abstract

Improvements in carbon assimilation and water-use efficiency lead to increases in maximum leaf area index at elevated carbon dioxide concentration ([CO 2 ]); however, the molecular drivers for this increase are unknown. We investigated the molecular basis for changes in leaf development at elevated [CO 2 ] using soybeans (Glycine max) grown under fully open air conditions at the Soybean Free Air CO 2 Enrichment (SoyFACE) facility. The transcriptome responses of rapidly growing and fully expanded leaves to elevated [CO 2 ] were investigated using cDNA microarrays. We identified 1,146 transcripts that showed a significant change in expression in growing versus fully expanded leaves. Transcripts for ribosomal proteins, cell cycle, and cell wall loosening, necessary for cytoplasmic growth and cell proliferation, were highly expressed in growing leaves. We further identified 139 transcripts with a significant [CO 2 ] by development interaction. Clustering of these transcripts showed that transcripts involved in cell growth and cell proliferation were more highly expressed in growing leaves that developed at elevated [

Assessment of the Diversity of Leaf Epidermal Traits of Dipcadi Filamentosum Medik Among Different Co-Geographical Regions in Nigeria

“…Rather larger changes in cell water relations are predicted for small changes in cell size. This prediction supports the hypothesis that plants or tissues with the smaller cell size will be more tolerant of low water potential (Ainsworth et al, 2006;Muller et al, 2007;Rymen et al, 2007;Tompson 2008;Weijschede et al, 2008).…”

Physiological and molecular alterations in plants exposed to high [CO2] under phosphorus stress

“…Few reports involving transcript (Ainsworth et al, 2006;Tallis et al, 2010) and protein (Bokhari et al, 2007;Qiu et al, 2008) will be interesting to see how typical P starvation-induced genes respond to a combination of P-limitation and high [CO 2 ].…”

“…At molecular level, high [CO 2 ] enhances the expression of genes encoding enzymes of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (Ainsworth et al, 2006), which may result in higher exudation rates of organic acids (Johnson et al, 1996). The root-to-shoot partitioning of carbon is hormonally regulated with abscisic acid (Salsman et al, 1999) and gibberellins playing an important role (Ribeiro et al, 2012).…”

Changes in Respiratory Mitochondrial Machinery and Cytochrome and Alternative Pathway Activities in Response to Energy Demand Underlie the Acclimation of Respiration to Elevated CO2 in the Invasive Opuntia ficus-indica

“…A few studies in leaves of C3 plants have shown that elevated CO 2 can affect respiratory gene expression, enzyme content, and mitochondrial number when compared to ambient CO 2 (e.g. Azcon-Bieto et al, 1994;Griffin et al, 2001;Ainsworth et al, 2006). In fact, total mitochondrial number can dramatically increase in plants exposed to elevated CO 2 , irrespective of the responses of respiration rates to high CO 2 (Griffin et al, 2001Tissue et al, 2002;Wang et al, 2004).…”