The effects of dobutamine and ephedrine on packed cell volume, total protein, heart rate, and blood pressure in anaesthetized horses

Hellyer, Peter W.; Wagner, AE; Mama, KR; Gaynor, James S.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2885.1998.00170.x

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In XYL group HT decrease (19%) was similar to the Indeed, the 17% decrease on HT in XYL+ACP group was similar to the 20% decrease reported by Wood et al 3 The maintenance of HT after EPH infusion was also described in horses by Hellyer et al 9 but with the dose of 0.06 mg/kg. Dobutamine, an inotrope administered in anesthetized horses for cardiovascular support, produces a marked HT increase, which would also be expected after EPH administration, since these drugs act by an alpha-adrenergic activity that may cause splenic contraction 9 MABP was significantly lower in XYL+ACP group compared to XYL group, which was attributed to the alpha-1 antagonism produced by ACP 18 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Dobutamine, an inotrope administered in anesthetized horses for cardiovascular support, produces a marked HT increase, which would also be expected after EPH administration, since these drugs act by an alpha-adrenergic activity that may cause splenic contraction 9 MABP was significantly lower in XYL+ACP group compared to XYL group, which was attributed to the alpha-1 antagonism produced by ACP 18 . It led to a significant decrease in end tidal isoflurane and a significant higher volume of ephedrine infused in XYL+ACP group compared to XYL group to treat hypotension, which successfully increased MABP to normal values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…7 This alpha adrenergic activity of these drugs produces splenic contraction, injecting red blood cells in the circulation. Also, there may be an increase in vascular resistance and intravascular hydrostatic pressure, shifting fluid out of the vasculature to the extravascular space with an increase in HT by hemoconcentration 4,5,8,9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Redução significante dos valores de hematócrito em equinos saudáveis durante anestesia

Ambrósio

Ida

Souto

et al. 2012

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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Xylazine (XYL) and acepromazine (ACP) are known to decrease the hematocrit (HT) of horses when administered alone. However in routine anesthesia these drugs are administered by associations which ultimate effect in the HT is unknown but may cause false impressions about the hydration status, blood loss and red blood cell indices. The objective of this study was to characterize the values of HT in horses anesthetized with XYL, ACP, ketamine, midazolam, guaiphenesin, isoflurane and ephedrine. Twenty healthy horses were premedicated with either XYL 0.8 mg/kg (XYL group, n=10) or XYL 0.5 mg/kg plus ACP 0.05 mg/kg (XYL+ACP group, n=10). Anesthesia was induced with ketamine, midazolam and guaiphenesin and maintained with isoflurane. Ephedrine was infused for cardiovascular support. HT, vital parameters and blood gas values were evaluated at baseline, between each drug administration, after standing and 24 hours after baseline (24hBL). The HT started to decrease 17 and 40 minutes after premedication in XYL group and XYL+ACP group, respectively (p<0.05). The maximum decrease of 19% in XYL group and 17% in XYL+ACP group was observed after 1 hour of premedication (p<0.05). In both groups HT remained low for longer than 180 minutes and returned to baseline at 24hBL. A significant HT decrease should be considered in anesthetized healthy horses receiving XYL, ACP, ketamine, midazolam, guaiphenesin, isoflurane and ephedrine.Keywords: Horse. Hematocrit. Packed cell volume. Xylazine. Acepromazine. ResumoA administração isolada de xilazina (XIL) e acepromazina (ACP) pode diminuir o hematócrito (HT) de equinos. Na rotina anestésica, estes fármacos são administrados em associações, cujo efeito final no HT não é conhecido, mas pode causar falsas impressões sobre o grau de hidratação, perda sanguínea e índices hematimétricos. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar os valores de HT de equinos anestesiados com XYL, ACP, cetamina, midazolam, EGG, isofluorano e efedrina. Vinte equinos hígidos foram pré-tratados com XIL 0,8 mg/kg (grupo XIL, n=10) ou XIL 0,5 mg/kg associada à ACP 0,05 mg/kg (grupo XIL+ACP, n=10). A anestesia foi induzida com cetamina, midazolam e EGG e mantida com isofluorano. A efedrina foi utilizada para suporte cardiovascular. O HT, parâmetros vitais e hemogasometria foram avaliados no momento basal, entre administração de cada fármaco, após retorno à posição quadrupedal e 24 horas após momento basal (24hBL). A diminuição do HT iniciou-se 17 e 40 minutos após administração da medicação pré-anestésica no grupo XIL e grupo XIL+ACP, respectivamente (p<0,05). A queda máxima de 19% no grupo XIL e 17% no grupo XIL+ACP foi observada após 1 hora da administração da medicação pré-anestésica (p<0,05). Em ambos os grupos, o HT permaneceu baixo por mais de 180 minutos e retornou aos valores basais em 24hBL. Deve-se considerar a ocorrência de uma redução significativa do HT em equinos hígidos anestesiados com XYL, ACP, cetamina, midazolam, EGG, isofluorano e efedrina.Palavras-chave: Equino. Hematócrito. Volume Globular. ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Redução significante dos valores de hematócrito em equinos saudáveis durante anestesia

Ambrósio

Ida

Souto

et al. 2012

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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“…Ephedrine is an alpha-1 receptor agonist that is commonly used to treat hypotension during general anaesthesia in horses; however, Hellyer et al (1998) found that its administration in anaesthetised horse did not lead to splenic contraction. Phenylephrine, an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist that has been shown to cause significant splenic contraction in the horse (Hardy et al 1994) would have been a preferred drug choice; however, it was not available in the teaching hospital at time of surgery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laparoscopic‐assisted splenectomy in a horse with splenomegaly

Ortved

Witte

Fleming

et al. 2008

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary This reports describes the surgical management of a horse evaluated for recurrent colic. These frequent colic episodes were attributed by exclusion to an abnormally enlarged spleen (idiopathic splenomegaly). Splenectomy was elected and performed with a laparoscopic assisted technique. The advantages observed by using this surgical approach were a clear view of the visceral aspect of the spleen and consequently an accurate dissection of the hilus of the spleen and associated vasculature. Ultimately the laparoscopic technique allowed the surgeons to reduce the size of the laparotomy incision required to remove the spleen and the overall invasiveness of the procedure. The horse recovered well from the procedure and ultimately returned to the previous level of competitiveness.

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“…22 Additionally, increased sympathetic tone and vasoconstriction associated with the beginning of surgical stimulation may have caused splenic contraction that increased PCV, and IV administration of fluids in conjunction with a gradual relaxation of vascular tone toward the end of surgery may have eventually caused PCV to decrease to baseline values. Splenic reserves of RBCs are affected by anesthetics, which tend to enhance splenic sequestration and therefore reduce PCV, and by inotropic drugs and vasopressors, which may cause splenic contraction and increase PCV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac output and other hemodynamic variables in anesthetized dogs undergoing laparotomy because of abdominal neoplasia

Wagner¹,

Miyake²

2008

javma

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The effects of dobutamine and ephedrine on packed cell volume, total protein, heart rate, and blood pressure in anaesthetized horses

Cited by 22 publications

References 6 publications

Redução significante dos valores de hematócrito em equinos saudáveis durante anestesia

Redução significante dos valores de hematócrito em equinos saudáveis durante anestesia

Laparoscopic‐assisted splenectomy in a horse with splenomegaly

Cardiac output and other hemodynamic variables in anesthetized dogs undergoing laparotomy because of abdominal neoplasia

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