The effects of different water and nitrogen levels on yield, water and nitrogen utilization efficiencies of spinach (<i>Spinacia oleracea</i>L.)

Field experiments were conducted at Adami Tulu, Ethiopia, for two successive dry seasons to investigate how nitrogen levels and deficit irrigation affect the yield and its related components, and the protein content of snap beans. The treatments were deficit irrigation with three levels (50, 75, and 100% ETc) and application of nitrogen with four levels (0, 46, 92, and 138 kg·N·ha−1), which were set up as split-plot arrangement, with irrigation being as the main plot and nitrogen levels as subplot, replicated thrice. Results showed that the pod yield had a substantial impact ( p < 0.01 ) on the interaction between the two factors; i.e., interaction of 100% ETc and 92 kg nitrogen levels per hectare recorded the highest pod yield (22.69 t·ha−1), but treatment combinations of 50% ETc and no nitrogen application produced the lowest amount of overall pod yield (6.922 tons per hectare). However, the results showed that the application of 75% ETc in combination with 92 kg nitrogen per hectare recorded the highest protein concentration (17.718%) but statistically equivalent to 138 kg nitrogen per hectare combined with the same deficit irrigation level, while the lowest protein concentration (12.24%) was recorded at 50 ETc combined with no fertilizer. Hence, the use of 75% ETc along with 92 kg nitrogen levels per hectare could be optimal in balancing quality and pod output of green beans at Adami Tulu and surrounding areas.

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“…Similar to this, Ref. [35] reported that spinach plants grew taller after receiving nitrogen fertilizer application.…”

Section: Plant Heightsupporting

confidence: 71%

Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Response to Deficit Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer and Relationships between Yield, Yield Component, and Protein Content

Teferi

Tesfaye

Woldemichael

et al. 2022

International Journal of Agronomy

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“…The yield rose with the increase in the nitrogen dose. These results agree with those obtained on wild rocket [26] and other leafy vegetables [27][28][29]. Azo+ has made a significant contribution to increasing the marketable yield.…”

Section: Effect Of Preharvest Treatments On Rocket's Characteristics During the Shelf-lifesupporting

confidence: 90%

Effects of Nitrogen, Azoxystrobin and a Biostimulant Based on Brown Algae and Yeast on Wild Rocket Features at Harvest and During Storage

et al. 2021

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Recently, the use of biostimulant substances of different origins has been affirmed. They act differently on the physiological processes of the plant, helping to improve its productive response and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Therefore, the response of the wild rocket to two substances known to have biostimulating activity (Azoxystrobin, and a fluid extract of brown algae and yeast), was evaluated. Two experimental trials (Exp 1 and Exp 2) were carried out in the greenhouse. The collected product, in addition to being evaluated from a qualitative point of view, was used for evaluation of shelf life. Exp 1 involved the comparison of two N levels with two Azoxystrobin levels (treated–Azo+, and untreated control). Exp 2 involved the comparison of two N levels, and two biostimulating substances based on Azoxystrobin (Azo+) and on fluid extracts of yeast and brown algae (YBA+), in addition to untreated control. A split-plot experimental design with three replications was used. Azo+ increased marketable yield of wild rocket by 16.8% and enhanced some qualitative features at harvest as the increase in chlorophyll (+17.8%) and carotenoids (+13.5%), and decrease in nitrates (−10.6%), regardless of the nitrogen level. Furthermore, Azo+ increased the shelf life (+2.5 days) of wild rocket stored at 3.5 °C. In particular, Azo+ slowed the loss of chlorophyll (yellowing) and the worsening of odor and visual appearance. As Azoxystrobin is a fungicide effective for the control of some diseases of wild rocket, its use should be promoted as it would offer not only the benefit of disease control but also improved production and shelf life. YBA+ caused an increase in the chlorophyll content (+12.5%) at harvest of wild rocket, but reduced its antioxidant activity (−40%). YBA+ did not cause substantial variations in shelf life with the exception of a slowdown in the degradation of carotenoids. Further research is desirable to evaluate other variables such as the dose and time of application.

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“…Our work indicates that the yield increasing effect of N fertilizer has a significant critical threshold, and growth inhibition will occur if that critical threshold is exceeded. N fertilizer is one of the key factors limiting the growth of crops, and both N deficiency (Van der Velde et al, 2014) and excessive (Zhang et al, 2015) application will affect the yield of crops. An appropriate nutrient supply can effectively improve the number of tillers per plant and plant height of forage, which can promote the growth and development of crops and increase yields .…”

Section: Effect Of N P and K Fertilizer Interactions On Dry Matter Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of dallisgrass in response to NPK fertilizer in southwest China and its implications for cultivation

et al. 2021

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The effects of different water and nitrogen levels on yield, water and nitrogen utilization efficiencies of spinach (Spinacia oleraceaL.)

Cited by 18 publications

References 36 publications

Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Response to Deficit Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer and Relationships between Yield, Yield Component, and Protein Content

Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Response to Deficit Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer and Relationships between Yield, Yield Component, and Protein Content

Effects of Nitrogen, Azoxystrobin and a Biostimulant Based on Brown Algae and Yeast on Wild Rocket Features at Harvest and During Storage

Production of dallisgrass in response to NPK fertilizer in southwest China and its implications for cultivation

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