The effects of different seat suspension types on occupants' physiologic responses and task performance: implications for autonomous and conventional vehicles

Kia, Kiana; Johnson, Peter W.; Kim, Jeong Ho

doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103380

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This assumption is confirmed by the fact that in the following sectors the muscular activity increases again for S 3 and then decreases again in H5. Our results are consistent with those for Kia et al, [ 39 ] who demonstrated that dynamic seats tend to reduce WBV and muscular activity of left trapezius (~20–40%) and left splenius capitis (~10–30%) when road vibration profiles are reproduced on a motion platform. Regarding muscular activity of ES muscles, with S 3 , the normalized RMS values of right ES was higher at the beginning of the driving session compared to the other seat but following the Ci2 sector it returned to the same level.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The mechanical spring directly incorporated into the seat backrest allows the absorption of more vibrations inducing slight vertical movements directly related to road asperity. Although mostly used for buses and semi-trucks, dynamic seats are recognized as an efficient means of reducing WBV, spinal shrinkage and discomfort by allowing relaxation period of neck and back extensor muscles [ 39 – 43 ]. Thus, by generating more movements in several sectors, S 3 favors a better muscle compensation strategy, which finally results in an absence of significant difference of ESTpost compared to ESTpre and delayed perceived discomfort.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perceived discomfort and neuromuscular fatigue during long-duration real driving with different car seats

et al. 2022

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Introduction Identification of the seat features that could improve driving experience is a main issue for automotive companies. Objective Long duration real driving sessions were performed to assess the effect of three seats (soft–S1, firm–S2 and suspended–S3) on perceived discomfort and neuromuscular fatigue (NMF). Materials & methods For each seat, the muscular activity of bilateral Trapezius Descendens (TD), Erector Spinae (ES) and Multifidus (MF) muscles of twenty-one participants was recorded during real driving sessions of 3-hours each lasting approximately 3 hours and following the same itinerary. During each driving session, participants were also regularly asked to self-evaluate their level of whole-body and local discomfort. In addition, an endurance static test (EST) was performed before (ESTpre) and after (ESTpost) each driving session to assess the seat effect on physical capacity. Results Whole-body discomfort increased with driving time for all seats, but this increase became significant latter for S3. The highest scores of local discomfort occurred for neck and lower back. Contrary to S1 and S2, the duration of ESTpost was not significantly lower compared to ESTpre with the S3. Interestingly, muscular activity of S1 remained stable throughout the driving task which could be attributed to sustained muscular contraction, while muscular recruitment adjustments occurred for S2 and S3 from 1H00 of driving. This muscular compensation concerns mostly the right side for S2 and S3 but with different profiles. On the left side, the muscular adjustments concern only the MF with S2 and the ES with S3. Conclusion Overall, our results demonstrated that S3 could be considered as the most suitable seat to delay discomfort and NMF appearance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived discomfort and neuromuscular fatigue during long-duration real driving with different car seats

et al. 2022

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“…The continuous harsh driving operating environment increases the risk of developing diseases such as back and shoulder pain and spinal injury for the driver. [3][4][5] To enhance the efficient integration of the human-environment-task and improve the all-hazard, multi-scenario adaptability of non-road delivery equipment, human safety and comfort are taken as the primary premise in the development and design of non-road delivery equipment at this stage. 6 To reduce the hazards of non-road transport equipment vibration on the human body and improve driver's comfort and operational efficiency, domestic and foreign scholars have conducted a lot of research on tires, chassis suspensions, engine mounts, and seats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Characteristics and Optimization of Segmented Fork Arm Seat System

Zhanlong,

Zhizhao,

Haiqing

et al. 2023

The International Journal of Acoustics and Vibration

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To improve the low-frequency vibration isolation performance and driving comfort of the engineering seat system, a segmented fork arm seat system is proposed. Firstly, the equivalent model of the n-level segmented seat system is established, the amplitude-frequency response function and phase-frequency response function of the segmented seat system are solved and analyzed. The theoretical study shows that, with the increase of segment levels, the response time of the seat system is shortened, and the attenuation rate of response amplitude is accelerated; with the increase of segment levels, the resonance peak value of the seat system tends to shift continuously, and the low-frequency vibration isolation range expands. Secondly, according to the actual application condition of a loader, the engineering structure of the 3-level segmented fork arm seat system was built, and the structure-stiffness parameters of the segmented fork arm seat system were optimized by multi-objective genetic algorithm. The optimization results show that the 3-level segmented fork arm seat system has obvious vibration reduction effect on the sensitive frequency band of the human body. The vibration reduction effect on road excitation increases by 63.2% on average under driving conditions, 75.8% on uneven road surface, and 65.2% under operating conditions, and the subjective comfort evaluation index of human body increases by two levels.

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“…Obviously, such an approach requires increased computing resources, but current technology can provide us with these resources. Numerous works deal with the study of the damping effect that the seats and their material can have on the damping of the vibrations acting on the driver [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Vibrations from Racing Cars on the Human Body in FORMULA STUDENT Races

Itu,

Sorin

2023

Applied Sciences

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During car races, strong vibrations appear in the chassis of the vehicle, due to the high power created by the engine which are then transmitted and, therefore, affect the driver’s condition. The study of these vibrations is a subject frequently addressed by researchers, analyzing the influence of different parameters on the forces to which the pilot’s body or certain sensitive body parts are subjected. In this paper, we analyze the particular case of a racing car made to meet safety requirements in the event of an accident. For the analysis of the forced vibrations induced by the running track, the finite element method was used. This method proved to be a useful and stable modeling and analysis method, validated by practical applications. A standard-equipped racing car with a mannequin inside was studied. Once the natural frequencies of the structure were determined, the response of some points of the mannequin’s body to the movement caused by the running track or the engine was analyzed. Modeling and discretization were performed using well-known classical procedures. The obtained results revealed the parameters that can negatively influence the body of the mannequin which were communicated to the design team. The conclusion of this study is a racing car that was successfully used in Formula Student competitions.

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The effects of different seat suspension types on occupants' physiologic responses and task performance: implications for autonomous and conventional vehicles

Cited by 11 publications

References 46 publications

Perceived discomfort and neuromuscular fatigue during long-duration real driving with different car seats

Perceived discomfort and neuromuscular fatigue during long-duration real driving with different car seats

Dynamic Characteristics and Optimization of Segmented Fork Arm Seat System

The Effect of Vibrations from Racing Cars on the Human Body in FORMULA STUDENT Races

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