The effects of dietary supplementation with isoflavones from red clover on the lipoprotein profiles of post menopausal women with mild to moderate hypercholesterolaemia

Howes, Jan B; Sullivan, David; Lai, Nicole T; Nestel, Paul J.; Pomeroy, Sylvia; West, Leanne; Eden, John; Howes, L. G.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9150(99)00437-2

Cited by 110 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Two issues arise therefore: the reasons for the different gender response and for the greater benefit from biochanin, the precursor of genistein. The present findings of a differential response between men and women and between the responses to biochanin and formononetin may help explain the failure by ourselves (Nestel et al, 1997(Nestel et al, , 1999 and others (Hodgson et al, 1998;Howes et al, 2000;Simons et al, 2000) to demonstrate an effect on plasma LDL-C with isolated isoflavones. In each of the previous studies, the isoflavones contained a mixture of B and F that would have diluted any effect attributable to B alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

“…Changes in the consumption of the latter commonly give rise to changes in HDL-C as well as to LDL-C and under appropriate circumstances, also in triacylglycerol. With the exception of the large study by Howes et al (2000), isolated red clover isoflavones have not lowered triacylglycerol significantly. In that study, a significant inverse relationship was observed between triacylglycerol levels and the excretion of genistein and isoflavone metabolites, suggesting that triacylglycerol fell in those women who absorbed isoflavones best.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The isoflavone content is likely to contribute strongly, since isoflavone-depleted soy protein appears less effective (Gardner et al, 2001;Wangen et al, 2001) and one large study has shown a dose-related effect when increasing amounts of isoflavones within soy protein were compared (Crouse et al, 1999). However, trials of purified isoflavones have to date been disappointing (Nestel et al, 1997(Nestel et al, , 1999Hodgson et al, 1998;Howes et al, 2000;Simons et al, 2000). Further, there is large variability in response to soy as shown in the meta-analysis, since about half of the 31 studies analysed by Anderson et al (1995) showed only minimal LDL-C lowering for reasons that have not been resolved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A biochanin-enriched isoflavone from red clover lowers LDL cholesterol in men

et al. 2004

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Objective: To determine whether the two major isoflavones in red clover differ in their effect on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Design: A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial; two parallel groups taking one of the two isoflavones within which treatment and placebo were administered in a crossover design. Setting: Free-living volunteers. Subjects: A total of 46 middle-aged men and 34 postmenopausal women. Intervention: Two mixtures of red clover isoflavones enriched in either biochanin (n ¼ 40) or formononetin (n ¼ 40) were compared. Placebo and active treatment (40 mg/day) were administered for 6 weeks each in a crossover design within the two parallel groups. Main outcome measures: Plasma lipids were measured twice at the end of each period. Results: Baseline LDL-C concentrations did not differ significantly between men (n ¼ 46) and women (n ¼ 34), nor between those randomised to biochanin or formononetin. Interaction between time and treatments, biochanin, formononetin and corresponding placebos (two-way ANOVA) on LDL-C showed a significant effect of biochanin treatment alone. The biochanin effect was confined to men; median LDL-C was 3.61 (3.05-4.14) mmol/l with biochanin and 3.99 (3.16-4.29) mmol/l with the corresponding placebo (RM ANOVA with Dunnett's adjustment Po0.05). The difference between placebo and biochanin effects on LDL-C was 9.5%. No other lipid was affected and women failed to respond significantly to treatment. Conclusion: Isolated isoflavones from red clover enriched in biochanin (genistein precursor) but not in formononetin (daidzein precursor), lowered LDL-C in men. This may partly explain the previous failure to demonstrate cholesterol-lowering effects with mixed isoflavones studied predominantly in women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A biochanin-enriched isoflavone from red clover lowers LDL cholesterol in men

et al. 2004

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“…Isoflavonoids or soy/soy proteins and flaxseed have the ability to lower total cholesterol (25,26), LDL cholesterol (25,27) and to raise HDL cholesterol (28,29). On the contrary, other studies showed no effect of isoflavonoids derived from soy or red clover on serum cholesterol levels or plasma lipids (30,31). Although no clinical studies showed that resveratrol improves cardiovascular function, the consumption of red wine has been linked to the French Paradox, phenomenon observed in French people who have a diet similar to the North American diet with a significantly lower rate at CVD (32).…”

Section: Cardiovascular Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoestrogens: Food or Drug?

Bacciottini¹,

Falchetti²,

Pampaloni³

et al. 2006

Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

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SummaryWithin the past several years, the relation between diet and health has been accepted by the mainstream nutrition community and in this connection interest in the physiological role of bioactive compounds present in plants has dramatically increased over the last decade. The phytoestrogens are bioactive molecules present as nutritional constituents of widely consumed vegetables. Their name derives from the fact that they are able to bind to estrogen receptors and to induce an estrogenic/antiestrogenic response in target tissues. Natural estrogens are involved in a multiplicity of programmed events in target tissues as uterus, breast, pituitary gland and hormone responsive tumors. Phytoestrogens are present in many human foodstuffs including fruits (plum, pear, apple grape berries, …), vegetables (beans, sprouts, cabbage, spinach, soybeans, grains, hops, garlic, onion,…), wine, tea, and they have been identified in a number of botanical dietary supplements. They include a wide variety of structurally different compounds such as isoflavones, mainly found in soy, lignans found in grains, stilbenes found in the skin of grapes. Other less investigated compounds include flavones, flavans, isoflavanes and coumestans. The estrogenic or antiestrogenic activity of any chemicals depends on the ability of the compound to interact with the ERs (ERα α, ERβ β). This article reported the knowledge about the activity of phytoestrogens from a pharmacological point of view for their estrogenicity or antiestrogenicity.

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“…Parece não afetar lipoproteínas, mas melhora a complacência arterial medida por ultra-som em mulheres na pós-menopausa (68,69).…”

Section: Efeitos Em Doença Cardiovascular E Trombofiliaunclassified

Fitoestrogênios: posicionamento do Departamento de Endocrinologia Feminina da Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia (SBEM)

Clapauch

Meirelles

Julião

et al. 2002

Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab

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Para avaliar a utilidade dos fitoestrogênios (FE) na terapia de reposição hormonal da menopausa (TRHM), o Departamento de Endocrinologia Feminina da SBEM reuniu um grupo de especialistas para fazer uma revisão bibliográfica e selecionar trabalhos nos quais a metodologia adotada demonstrasse rigor científico. Os FE têm ações estrogênicas e antiestrogênicas, predominantemente sobre os receptores de estrogênios (E) beta, com potência estrogênica muito inferior à do estradiol. O conteúdo de FE nas suas fontes vegetais é variável, dependendo da forma de cultivo, safra, armazenamento e industrialização. Também a conversão dos precursores em fitormônios ativos no organismo humano tem grande variabilidade individual. A maior parte das pesquisas com FE é realizada in vitro ou com animais de laboratório, nem sempre podendo ser extrapoladas para humanos. Com relação à síndrome do climatério, alguns estudos sugerem discreta melhora dos fogachos, sem modificação do ressecamento vaginal ou das alterações do humor. No metabolismo lipídico, alimentação rica em soja, mas não isoflavonas isoladamente, promove redução do colesterol total, do LDL-col e dos triglicerídeos, mas não elevam o HDL-col, como os E, e podem causar aumento da lipoproteína (a), que os E contribuem para diminuir. Embora alguns estudos de curta duração sugiram aumento da densidade mineral óssea com uso de isoflavonas, não há demonstração de redução de fraturas. Conclui-se que não há evidências convincentes que justifiquem o uso de FE ou alimentação rica em soja como alternativa para a TRHM.

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The effects of dietary supplementation with isoflavones from red clover on the lipoprotein profiles of post menopausal women with mild to moderate hypercholesterolaemia

Cited by 110 publications

References 8 publications

A biochanin-enriched isoflavone from red clover lowers LDL cholesterol in men

A biochanin-enriched isoflavone from red clover lowers LDL cholesterol in men

Phytoestrogens: Food or Drug?

Fitoestrogênios: posicionamento do Departamento de Endocrinologia Feminina da Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia (SBEM)

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