The effects of dietary carbohydrate on the growth, antioxidant capacities, innate immune responses and pathogen resistance of juvenile Black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus

Effects of dietary carbohydrate and lipid levels on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition and non‐specific immunity of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea)

“…However, the croaker fed the diet with 120 g/kg carbohydrate obtained the highest activity of CCP. Previous studies have demonstrated that optimal dietary carbohydrate would activate complement pathway, and high dietary carbohydrate commonly resulted in lower complement activity (Wu et al, ; Zhou et al, , ). Therefore, the increase in dietary carbohydrate did not produce negative effect on the immune response of croaker, and dietary carbohydrate content should be maintained at 60 g/kg in accordance with the result of growth performance.…”

“…Previous studies have revealed that appropriate dietary lipid or carbohydrate would be benefit for enhancing immune response of fish species (Jin et al, ; Li et al, ; Wang et al, ; Wu et al, ). In the present study, the activity of lysozyme and CCP was measured to explore the immune response of large yellow croaker in response to dietary lipid and carbohydrate.…”

“…Thus, the variation of lysozyme and CCP activities indicated that 110g/kg dietary lipid contributes to improving the non‐specific immunity of croaker. Dietary carbohydrate content would also influence the immune response of fish species (Wu et al, ; Zhou, Ge, Lin, & Niu, ; Zhou, Liu, Ge, Xie, & Xu, ). The activity of lysozyme increased significantly with the increase in dietary carbohydrate to the optimal level and thereafter significantly deceased in Black carp (Wu et al, ) and blunt snout bream (Zhou et al, ).…”

“…Although fish do not possess a specific requirement for dietary carbohydrate (NRC, ), adequate dietary carbohydrate is benefit on enhancing growth performance and immunity (Amoah et al, ; Goodwin, Lochmann, Tieman, & Mitchell, ; Trichet, ; Wu, Ye, Gao, Chen, & Lu, ). Meanwhile, starch is essential to improve feed physical quality due to its good binding and expansion properties (Sørensen, Nguyen, Storebakken, & Øverland, ).…”

“…Meanwhile, starch is essential to improve feed physical quality due to its good binding and expansion properties (Sørensen, Nguyen, Storebakken, & Øverland, ). The limited glucose utilization of fish, especially carnivorous fish, seriously restricts the use of carbohydrate in aquafeed (Hemre, Mommsen, & Krogdahl, ), and excessive dietary carbohydrate would lead to prolonged postprandial blood glucose and hepatic glycogen continuous accumulation, which results in an increased metabolic load and pathological conditions in fish (Amoah et al, ; Goodwin et al, ; Trichet, ; Wu et al, ). Therefore, the maximum level, at least, of dietary carbohydrate that fish can tolerate without physiological disorders and growth impairment should be determined.…”