The Effects of Diet and the Microbiome on Reproduction and Longevity: A Comparative Review Across 5 Continents

Chilton, Stephanie N.; Enos, Megan K.; Burton, Jeremy P.; Reid, Gregor

doi:10.4172/2155-9600.1000364

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Concerning healthy pregnancies, the intrauterine cavity microbiota colonization originates exclusively from ascending route through the urogenital tract (urinary, cervical, and vaginal) and the hematogenous route through the placenta after translocation from the digestive tract (oral and gut) [ 33 ]. The oral and gut microbiota stability is affected by extrinsic factors, especially diets, which influence the cervicovaginal microbiota dynamics [ 34 , 35 ]. The vaginal microbiota fluctuates almost daily because of its unstable environment in pregnant women [ 36 ].…”

Section: Microbiota Pathological Insight In Ptbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanism of Microbiota Metabolites in Preterm Birth: Pathological and Therapeutic Insights

Ansari

Bose

You

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Preterm birth (PTB) refers to the birth of infants before 37 weeks of gestation and is a challenging issue worldwide. Evidence reveals that PTB is a multifactorial dysregulation mediated by a complex molecular mechanism. Thus, a better understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms underlying PTB is a prerequisite to explore effective therapeutic approaches. During early pregnancy, various physiological and metabolic changes occur as a result of endocrine and immune metabolism. The microbiota controls the physiological and metabolic mechanism of the host homeostasis, and dysbiosis of maternal microbial homeostasis dysregulates the mechanistic of fetal developmental processes and directly affects the birth outcome. Accumulating evidence indicates that metabolic dysregulation in the maternal or fetal membranes stimulates the inflammatory cytokines, which may positively progress the PTB. Although labour is regarded as an inflammatory process, it is still unclear how microbial dysbiosis could regulate the molecular mechanism of PTB. In this review based on recent research, we focused on both the pathological and therapeutic contribution of microbiota-generated metabolites to PTB and the possible molecular mechanisms.

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Section: Microbiota Pathological Insight In Ptbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanism of Microbiota Metabolites in Preterm Birth: Pathological and Therapeutic Insights

Ansari

Bose

You

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Studies have sought to determine a core microbiome associated with a given host and to find the roles that these microbes play (Greer et al, 2016; Turnbaugh et al, 2007; Ursell et al, 2012). Others investigate the impact of host genotype, diet, the environment, and diseases on the microbiome as an attempt to infer consequences for the host (Chilton et al, 2015; Dietert, 2016; Holm et al, 2015; Itthitaetrakool et al, 2016; Li et al, 2012; Maslowski & Mackay, 2011). But, how could two interacting organisms, each with their own assemblage of microbes, impact each other's holobiont (Dheilly, 2014; Theis et al, 2016)?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host phenotype and microbiome vary with infection status, parasite genotype, and parasite microbiome composition

et al. 2022

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A growing literature demonstrates the impact of helminths on their host gut microbiome. We investigated whether the stickleback host microbiome depends on ecoevolutionary variables by testing the impact of exposure to the cestode parasite Schistocephalus solidus with respect to infection success, host genotype, parasite genotype, and parasite microbiome composition. We observed constitutive differences in the microbiome of sticklebacks of different origin, and those differences increased when sticklebacks exposed to the parasite resisted infection. In contrast, the microbiome of successfully infected sticklebacks varied with parasite genotype. More specifically, we revealed that the association between microbiome and immune gene expression increased in infected individuals and varied with parasite genotype. In addition, we showed that S. solidus hosts a complex endomicrobiome and that bacterial abundance in the parasite correlates with expression of host immune genes. Within this comprehensive analysis we demonstrated that (i) parasites contribute to modulating the host microbiome through both successful and unsuccessful infection, (ii) when infection is successful, the host microbiome varies with parasite genotype due to genotype‐dependent variation in parasite immunomodulation, and (iii) the parasite‐associated microbiome is distinct from its host and impacts the host immune response to infection.

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“…It has been observed that the human gut microbiota is primarily dominated by the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes (Zhernakova et al, 2016), with lesser contribution from Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia (Qin et al, 2010). Nevertheless, the microbiota composition differs geographically, primarily based on a variety of factors including host genetics, dietary habits, age, geographic location and lifestyle (Yatsunenko et al, 2012; Chilton, 2014; Nishijima et al, 2016; Fujio-Vejar et al, 2017; Gupta et al, 2017). To date, most of the studies on human gut microbiota have focused on populations from North America and Europe and although several of studies have demonstrated associations between microbiota alterations and diseases, including obesity, the specific contribution of these alterations to treatment response and how they differ across geographic locations still need to be envisioned.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Regional View of Functional and Taxonomic Microbiota Composition in Obesity and Post-obesity Treatment Shows Country Specific Microbial Contribution

Medina

Thomson

et al. 2019

Front. Microbiol.

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Gut microbiota has been shown to have an important influence on host health. The microbial composition of the human gut microbiota is modulated by diet and other lifestyle habits and it has been reported that microbial diversity is altered in obese people. Obesity is a worldwide health problem that negatively impacts the quality of life. Currently, the widespread treatment for obesity is bariatric surgery. Interestingly, gut microbiota has been shown to be a relevant factor in effective weight loss after bariatric surgery. Since that the human gut microbiota of normal subjects differs between geographic regions, it is possible that rearrangements of the gut microbiota in dysbiosis context are also region-specific. To better understand how gut microbiota contribute to obesity, this study compared the composition of the human gut microbiota of obese and lean people from six different regions and showed that the microbiota compositions in the context of obesity were specific to each studied geographic location. Furthermore, we analyzed the functional patterns using shotgun DNA metagenomic sequencing and compared the results with other obesity-related metagenomic studies, we observed that microbial contribution to functional pathways were country-specific. Nevertheless, our study showed that although microbial composition of obese patients was country-specific, the overall metabolic functions appeared to be the same between countries, indicating that different microbiota components contribute to similar metabolic outcomes to yield functional redundancy. Furthermore, we studied the microbiota functional changes of obese patients after bariatric surgery, by shotgun metagenomics sequencing and observed that changes in functional pathways were specific to the type of obesity treatment. In all, our study provides new insights into the differences and similarities of obese gut microbiota in relation to geographic location and obesity treatments.

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The Effects of Diet and the Microbiome on Reproduction and Longevity: A Comparative Review Across 5 Continents

Cited by 11 publications

References 90 publications

Molecular Mechanism of Microbiota Metabolites in Preterm Birth: Pathological and Therapeutic Insights

Molecular Mechanism of Microbiota Metabolites in Preterm Birth: Pathological and Therapeutic Insights

Host phenotype and microbiome vary with infection status, parasite genotype, and parasite microbiome composition

Cross-Regional View of Functional and Taxonomic Microbiota Composition in Obesity and Post-obesity Treatment Shows Country Specific Microbial Contribution

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