The Effects of Dexamethasone and L-NAME on Acute Lung Injury in Rats with Lung Contusion

Abstract

The therapeutic efficiency of an anti-inflammatory agent, dexamethasone (DXM), and a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), in lung tissue injury after lung contusion was investigated. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), YKL-40, an inflammatory peptide, inducible NOS (iNOS), and Clara cell protein 16 (CC-16) were evaluated. Immunohistochemical analyses were also performed, and the lung tissue was examined histopathologically. The study consisted of eight groups of Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 10 in each group), weighing 250-300 g: (1) control, (2) contusion, (3) control + DXM, (4) contusion + DXM, (5) control + L-NAME (6) contusion + L-NAME, (7) control + DXM + L-NAME, and (8) contusion + DXM + L-NAME. A previously developed lung contusion model was used, in addition to the control group. The rats were administered DXM and L-NAME intraperitoneally (i.p.) at doses of 15 and 60 mg/kg/day, respectively. DXM and L-NAME administration decreased the iNOS level in the contusion groups. DXM increased the levels of YKL-40 and IL-10 in both the control and contusion groups, with higher levels in the contusion groups. L-NAME increased the serum level of IL-10 in the lung contusion groups. DXM increased the synthesis of CC-16 in the control and contusion groups. The combined use of a high-dose steroid and NOS inhibitor resulted in the death of the rats. Steroids can increase the level of cytokines, such as YKL-40 and IL-10, and the synthesis of CC-16 and prevent pneumonia, ALI/ARDS, and sepsis in lung contusion.

Esculentoside A ameliorates cecal ligation and puncture-induced acute kidney injury in rats

“…In the present study, CLP-induced rats, a well-established sepsis model [ 13 ] and LPS-induced HK-2 cells were used to explore the effects of EsA on septic AKI. DXM is usually used for treatment of inflammatory diseases and exhibits protective effects against sepsis in animal models [ 4 , 5 , 16 ]. Here, the effects of EsA were compared with those of DXM.…”

Protective Effect of Onion Extract Against Experimental Immunesuppression in Wistar Rats: Biological and Molecular Study

“…IL-10, a potent immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine (Couper et al, 2008) is included in this action. Kozan et al (2016) confirmed that DEXA regulated acute lung injury through an increase in IL-10 secretion. IL-10 is included in negative regulation of corticosterone synthesis in the adrenal gland (Koldzic-Zivanovic et al, 2006), suggesting a homeostatic mechanism to end hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis activation after resolving inflammation.…”

Lipoxin A4 ameliorates renal ischaemia–reperfusion‐induced acute lung injury in rats

“…Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by clinically significant hypoxemia, diffuse bilateral pulmonary infiltration, pulmonary oedema, a decrease in pulmonary compliance, and a decrease in the functional residual capacity and develops through excessive and uncontrolled systemic inflammatory responses to direct or indirect lung injury . The clinical disorders that are most commonly associated with the development of ALI are pneumonia, sepsis, pulmonary contusion, major trauma, and ischaemia–reperfusion injury . There is good scientific understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of ALI, but the condition remains a significant source of critically ill patients.…”