“…Research has shown that children's social and emotional development is susceptible to negative effects of low-quality child care (Belsky, 1988;Phillips & Howes, 1987). However, there is no consensus on the magnitude of these effects, particularly over the course of development; indeed, studies have shown negative consequences, positive effects and no effects (Anders-son, 1989;Bates et al, 1994;Bryant, Burchinal, Lau, & Sparling, 1994;Burchinal, Ramey, Reid, & Jaccard, 1995;Dunn, 1993;Field, 1991;Field, Masi, Goldstein, Perry, & Pad, 1988;Haskins, 1985;Howes, 1990;Matlock & Green, 1990;Reynolds, 1995;Vandell & Corasaniti, 1990;see McGurk, Caplan, Hennessy, &Moss, 1993 andScarr &Eisenberg, 1993 for reviews of this literature). Studies in Sweden and The Netherlands have shown very modest effects or no effects of child care experience or variation in quality on children's outcomes (Goossens, Ottenhoff, & Koops, 1991;Prodromidis.…”