The effects of dark adaptation on pursuit tracking dysfunction in psychotics with imparied vestibular suppresion

Pivik, R.T.; Bylsma, Frederick W.; Cooper, Peter

doi:10.1016/0278-5846(87)90069-8

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In this study, however, the featured background had a parallel and not an interactive effect on saccade production. In contrast, Pivik et al (1987) found a significant interaction, a reduction of tracking error in darkness in schizophrenic subjects, but only by one of their two measures, the Velocity Arrest. Since the combination of pursuit velocity and saccade number can be adjusted by normal individuals so that comparable tracking accuracy is maintained despite changes in stimulus character (Collewijn and Tamminga 1984), it is not surprising that Pivik et al's (1987) measure of pursuit error did not pick up the dynamic system adjustment which was found in saccade number by the present study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

Release of saccades in schizophrenics: Inattention or inefficiency?

Mather

Neufeld

Merskey

et al. 1989

Eur Arch Psychiatr Neurol Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper attempts to distinguish between inattention and inefficiency as the cause of the eye movement problems of schizophrenic subjects. It focuses on their release of fast saccadic eye movements in four different situations: interrupting smooth tracking, as double-jumps in refixation, and as inadvertent departures from steady fixation or too-early prediction moves. If an attention deficit causes saccades during tracking, they should be reduced only for schizophrenic subjects in the dark, when there is no contrasting background. Instead the reduction was present for all groups. If double-jumps in saccadic refixations were caused by inattentional instability, they should increase in schizophrenic subjects when the target is a temporary flash of light. Instead, they were reduced in all groups to almost none, suggesting a perceptual processing cause for the excess double jumps. If a global attentional problem of schizophrenia caused saccade release, saccade number should be correlated across the four situations. Instead, there were significant correlations only between departures and predictions in paranoid schizophrenic subjects (r = 0.728) and between predictions and looking in nonparanoid schizophrenic subjects (r = -0.855). This lack of over-all correlations suggests that a common inattentional problem does not produce these eye movement deficiencies. Instead, the perceptual influence on tracking and looking suggests that processing inefficiency is responsible for at least part of the deficit.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

Release of saccades in schizophrenics: Inattention or inefficiency?

Mather

Neufeld

Merskey

et al. 1989

Eur Arch Psychiatr Neurol Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Schizophrenic patients failed to suppress VOR with visual fixation, particularly in patients presenting an active symptomatology. Pivik et al 83 confirmed those former results and correlated this impairment in VOR suppression with dysfunctions in smooth eye tracking. Interestingly, patients' tracking performance was decreased solely when the cerebellar contribution is supposed to be stronger, ie, in light-adapting conditions.…”

Section: Nondeclarative Learningmentioning

confidence: 59%

The Role of the Cerebellum in Schizophrenia: an Update of Clinical, Cognitive, and Functional Evidences

Picard¹,

Amado²,

Mouchet-Mages³

et al. 2007

Schizophrenia Bulletin

256

157

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The role of the cerebellum in schizophrenia has been highlighted by Andreasen's hypothesis of “cognitive dysmetria,” which suggests a general dyscoordination of sensorimotor and mental processes. Studies in schizophrenic patients have brought observations supporting a cerebellar impairment: high prevalence of neurological soft signs, dyscoordination, abnormal posture and propioception, impaired eyeblink conditioning, impaired adaptation of the vestibular-ocular reflex or procedural learning tests, and lastly functional neuroimaging studies correlating poor cognitive performances with abnormal cerebellar activations. Despite those compelling evidences, there has been, to our knowledge, no recent review on the clinical, cognitive, and functional literature supporting the role of the cerebellum in schizophrenia. We conducted a Medline research focusing on cerebellar dysfunctions in schizophrenia. Emphasis was given to recent literature (after 1998). The picture arising from this review is heterogeneous. While in some domains, the role of the cerebellum seems clearly defined (ie, neurological soft signs, posture, or equilibrium), in other domains, the cerebellar contribution to schizophrenia seems limited or indirect (ie, cognition) if present at all (ie, affectivity). Functional models of the cerebellum are proposed as a background for interpreting these results.

show abstract

“…Diagnostically ambiguous (Salzman et al 1978) or heterogeneous groups of patients also raise complications for interpretations about specificity. Pivik and colleagues (1987, 1988), for example, found significantly worse performance in a mixed group of inpatients that included schizophrenia patients than in normal individuals. This same laboratory (Pivik 1979; Jones and Pivik 1985) has consistently reported no differences between schizophrenia outpatients and normal individuals, as did Schmid-Burgk et al (1982).…”

Section: Specificity Of Etdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No failure to replicate the overrepresentation of ETD in schizophrenia patients has occurred (Diefendorf and Dodge 1908; Couch and Fox 1934; White 1938; Holzman et al 1973, 1974, 1977, 1984; Shagass et al 1974, 1976; Brezinova and Kendell 1977; Kuechenmeister et al 1977; Acker and Toone 1978; Pass et al 1978; Stevens 1978; Cegalis and Sweeney 1979, 1981; Karson 1979; May 1979; Pivik 1979; David 1980; Lipton et al 1980; Iacono et al 1981, 1992; Latham et al 1981; Levin et al 1981, 1982, 1988; Matsue and Okuma 1981; Mialet and Pichot 1981; Tomer et al 1981; Schmid-Burgk et al 1982; Weinberger and Wyatt 1982; Bartfai et al 1983, 1985; Cegalis et al 1983; Iacono and Koenig 1983; Mather and Putchat 1983; Salokangas et al 1983; Siegel et al 1984; van den Bosch 1984; Jones and Pivik 1985; Matsue et al 1986; Saletu et al 1986; Siever et al 1986; Pivik et al 1987; Scarone et al 1987; Smeraldi et al 1987; van den Bosch et al 1987; Yee et al 1987; Ross et al 1988; Spohn et al 1988; Keefe et al 1989; Litman et al 1989; Mather et al 1989; Rea et al 1989; Thaker et al 1989; Allen et al 1990; Altman et al 1990; Clementz et al 1990, 1992; Moser et al 1990; Oepen et al 1990; Abel et al 1991; Amador et al 1991; Blackwood et al 1991; Friedman et al 1991, 1992; Grove et al 1991; Lieberman et al 1992; Radant and Hommer 1992; Sweeney et al 1992 a ). Yet even the earliest studies of ETD in psychiatric patients (e.g., Couch an...…”

Section: Specificity Of Etdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The issue of ambient lighting has been raised as a possible source of interference in obtaining valid pursuit data. Pivik and colleagues (1987, 1988) reported poorer performance in inpatients only when they were tested in light, a finding that differs from the multiple replications of ETD in schizophrenia patients tested with infrared techniques, which require darkness or subdued light (Kuechenmeister et al 1977; Cegalis and Sweeney 1979, 1981; Levin et al 1982; Cegalis et al 1983; Ross et al 1988; Litman et al 1989; Thaker et al 1989; Allen et al 1990; Clementz et al 1990, 1992; Moser et al 1990; Abel et al 1991; Friedman et al 1991, 1992; Lieberman et al 1992; Radant and Hommer 1992; Sweeney et al 1992 a ).…”

Section: Specificity Of Etdmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation