The effects of cue distinctiveness on odor-based context-dependent memory

Herz, Rachel S.

doi:10.3758/bf03211293

Cited by 88 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The effects imply that the impact of product scent on memory is not just a function of contextual reinstatement (i.e., the presence of scent at both encoding and retrieval), as has been shown in prior research (Herz 1997). That is, the memory effect is evident here even though there is no reintroduction of scent-based retrieval cues, suggesting that the memory improvement is due to superior encoding of scentassociated information at the time of exposure.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

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Product Scent and Memory

Krishna¹,

Lwin²,

Morrin³

2010

J Consum Res

144

102

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Scent research has focused primarily on the effects of ambient scent on consumer evaluations. We focus instead on the effects of product scent on consumer memories. For instance, if a pencil or a facial tissue is imbued with scent (vs. not), recall for the brand's other attributes increases significantly-with the effects lasting as much as 2 weeks after exposure. We also find that product scent is more effective than ambient scent at enhancing memory for product information. We suggest that this may be because, with product (ambient) scent, scent-related associations are focused on a single object (are diffused across multiple objects) in the environment. In support, we find that the memory effects are driven by the number of product/scent-related associations stored in long-term memory. The results suggest that, although ambient scent has received the bulk of attention from researchers and managers in recent years, greater focus on product scent is warranted.T he actions of firms in recent years suggest that imbuing products with scents can enhance brand equity. Firms have sought scent-based trademarks for products such as sewing thread (Brookman 1999), automobile tires (Carter 1995), and tennis balls (Bird 2000). Are such trademark protection efforts worthwhile? We attempt to answer this question by exploring the effect of product scent on consumers' ability to remember product information over time.To date, consumer research on scent has focused primarily on the effects of scent on product evaluation (Bone and Ellen 1999;Bone and Jantrania 1992;Bosmans 2006;Laird 1932;Mitchell, Kahn, and Knasko 1995;Spangenberg, Crowley, and Henderson 1996) as well as lingering time (Spangenberg et al. 1996) (Mitchell et al. 1995). Some initial work has examined the effects of scent on memory (Morrin andRatneshwar 2000, 2003), but these efforts have focused exclusively on the effects of ambient scent rather than product scent. Yet the use of product scent would appear to be much more widespread in the marketplace. Moreover, product scent may be particularly effective at enhancing memory for product information as a function of its ability to enhance a product's distinctiveness within its surrounding context. Specifically, we show that, when products are scented (vs. not), consumers are more likely to remember information about those products. This occurs even though the product scent is not reintroduced at the time of recall and even when memory is assessed as much as 2 weeks after product exposure. In exploring the process at work for this effect, we show that the number of scent-related thoughts available at the time of information retrieval mediates the effect of the product scent on memory for product information. Additionally, ambient scent is not found to exhibit a similar effect on memory for an individual product, and we argue that this is due to a product scent's ability to make a product perceptually distinctive within its environment. We rule out alternative explanations for a product scent's effect on memory, name...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Unlike most prior studies examining the effects of scent on memory, we did not look at the effects of scent-cueaided performance (Herz 1997). Instead, we looked at unaided recall, which may be more important not only for theoretical reasons but for managerial reasons as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Product Scent and Memory

Krishna¹,

Lwin²,

Morrin³

2010

J Consum Res

144

102

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“…Odors are an important stimulus in context-dependent memory (Chu and Downes, 2002;Ehrlichman and Halpern, 1988;Herz, 1997Herz, , 1998. According to this approach, environmental stimuli and information are stored in memory together then the environmental stimuli can be used as a clue for retrieving of information (Smith and Vela, 2001).…”

Section: Odor and Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Aromatik Kokuların Bilişsel ve Duygusal Etkileri Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Akben¹,

Coşkun²

2018

kalem

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Özİnsan yaşamında koku duyusu diğer duyulara göre daha az kullanılan bir duyudur. Psikoloji alanında da görsel, işitsel ve dokunmayla ilgili pek çok uyarıcı farklı amaç-larla kullanılırken, kokusal uyaranlar daha az çalışılmaktadır. Bu makalenin amacı psikoloji alanında koku değişkeninin davranışa olan etkisini araştıran çalışmaları incelemektir. Yapılan araştırmalar aromatik kokuların bellekte geri çağırmayı kolaylaş-tırdığını, duygudurumu olumlu etkilediğini, dikkati artırdığını ve yatıştırıcı etkilerinin olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Beyinde kokunun amigdala ve prefrontal korteksle ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu makalede gelecek araştırmalara ışık tutulmaktadır.

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“…It is generally accepted that smell elicits more emotional responses than any other sensory cue (Herz 1997;Herz and Cupchik 1992). As Synnott (1991) suggests, smell, memory and meaning are inextricably linked and impact deeply on our daily lives.…”

Section: A Proustian Memory Rushmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sensuous secrets of shelter: How recollections of food stimulate Irish men’s reconstructions of their early formative residential experiences in Leicester, Sheffield and Manchester

Maye-Banbury

Casey

2016

Irish Journal of Sociology

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This paper examines the intersection between food, recollection and Irish migrants’ reconstructions of their housing pathways in the three English cities of Leicester (East Midlands), Sheffield (South Yorkshire) and Manchester (North). Previous studies have acknowledged more implicitly the role of memory in representing the Irish migrant experience in England. Here, we adopt a different stance. We explore the mnemonic power of food to encode, decode and recode Irish men’s reconstructions of their housing pathways in England when constructing and negotiating otherness. In doing so, we apply a ‘Proustian anthropological’ approach in framing the men’s representations of their formative residential experiences in the boarding houses of the three English cities during the 1950s and 1960s are examined. The extent to which food provided in the boarding houses was used as an instrument of discipline and control is examined. The relevance of food related acts of resistance, food insecurity and acts of hedonic meat-centric eating in constructing the men’s sociocultural identity are also explored.

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The effects of cue distinctiveness on odor-based context-dependent memory

Cited by 88 publications

References 19 publications

Product Scent and Memory

Product Scent and Memory

Aromatik Kokuların Bilişsel ve Duygusal Etkileri Üzerine Bir İnceleme

The sensuous secrets of shelter: How recollections of food stimulate Irish men’s reconstructions of their early formative residential experiences in Leicester, Sheffield and Manchester

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