The Effects of Crystallinity on Charge Transport and the Structure of Sequentially Processed F<sub>4</sub>TCNQ‐Doped Conjugated Polymer Films

Scholes, D. Tyler; Yee, Patrick; Lindemuth, Jeffrey; Kang, Hyeyeon; Onorato, Jonathan W.; Ghosh, Raja; Luscombe, Christine K.; Spano, Frank C.; Tolbert, Sarah H.; Schwartz, Benjamin J.

doi:10.1002/adfm.201702654

Cited by 208 publications

(502 citation statements)

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“…18 Similar ndings were made by Scholes et al 19 and Chew et al 20 who concluded that the ordered regions of P3HT give rise to a higher chargecarrier mobility and therefore lead to an increase in the electrical conductivity. Here, we explore how the crystallinity inuences the power factor of P3HT vapour-doped with F4TCNQ.…”

supporting

confidence: 65%

“…[18][19][20] By tuning the regioregularity and processing solvent the nanostructure of P3HT could be altered leading to a much higher electrical conductivity. For example, by changing the polymer processing solvent we were able to increase the electrical conductivity from 0.01 to 13 S cm…”

Section: 18mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, P3HT can be doped in a precise manner, which allows to study the interplay of charge-carrier density, nanostructure and electrical properties. [17][18][19] Moreover, sequential doping can lead to a signicantly higher electrical conductivity above 10 S cm À1 .…”

Section: -17mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of crystallinity on the thermoelectric power factor of P3HT vapour-doped with F4TCNQ

2018

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Doping of the conjugated polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) with the p-dopant 2, 3,5,7,8, is a widely used model system for organic thermoelectrics.We here study how the crystalline order influences the Seebeck coefficient of P3HT films doped with F4TCNQ from the vapour phase, which leads to a similar number of F4TCNQ anions and hence (bound + mobile) charge carriers of about 2 Â 10 À4 mol cm À3. We find that the Seebeck coefficient first slightly increases with the degree of order, but then again decreases for the most crystalline P3HT films. We assign this behaviour to the introduction of new states in the bandgap due to planarisation of polymer chains, and an increase in the number of mobile charge carriers, respectively. Overall, the Seebeck coefficient varies between about 40 to 60 mV K À1. In contrast, the electrical conductivity steadily increases with the degree of order, reaching a value of more than 10 S cm À1, which we explain with the pronounced influence of the semi-crystalline nanostructure on the charge-carrier mobility. Overall, the thermoelectric power factor of F4TCNQ vapour-doped P3HT increases by one order of magnitude, and adopts a value of about 3 mW m À1 K À2 in the case of the highest degree of crystalline order.

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confidence: 65%

Section: 18mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of crystallinity on the thermoelectric power factor of P3HT vapour-doped with F4TCNQ

2018

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“…The stable crystalline polymer domains correlate well with relatively stable hole mobility. [ 38 ] A continuous decrease of electron mobility indicates more changes in the acceptor‐related domains, including acceptor‐rich domains and the amorphous mixed region. Grazing‐incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering (GISAXS) measurements were further performed as shown in Figure 3f; and Figure S10 (Supporting Information).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the Microstructure‐Related Device Stability for Polymer Solar Cells Based on Nonfullerene Small‐Molecular Acceptors

et al. 2020

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As the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs)has surpassed the 17% baseline, the long-term stability of highly efficient OSCs is essential for the practical application of this photovoltaic technology. Here, the photostability and possible degradation mechanisms of three state-of-the-art polymer donors with a commonly used nonfullerene acceptor (NFA), IT-4F, are investigated. The active-layer materials show excellent intrinsic photostability. The initial morphology, in particular the mixed region, causes degradation predominantly in the fill factor (FF) under illumination. Electron traps are formed due to the reorganization of polymers and diffusion-limited aggregation of NFAs to assemble small isolated acceptor domains under illumination. These electron traps lead to losses mainly in FF, which is in contradistinction to the degradation mechanisms observed for fullerene-based OSCs. Control of the composition of NFAs close to the thermodynamic equilibrium limit while keeping adequate electron percolation and improving the initial polymer and NFA ordering are of the essence to stabilize the FF in NFA-based solar cells, which may be the key tactics to develop next-generation OSCs with high efficiency as well as excellent stability.

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“…By sequential doping, in which the polymer is first deposited prior the dopant with an orthogonal solvent, electrical conductivities higher than those with solution-mixed process have been achieved [38,40,41]. Recently, it has been shown that sequential doping can be performed from F4-TCNQ deposited from the vapor phase [42][43][44][45][46], higher electrical conductivity up to 48 S/cm has been reached [45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration-control in all-solution processed semiconducting polymer doping and high conductivity performances

et al. 2020

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Simultaneously optimizing performances, processability and fabrication cost of organic electronic materials is the continual source of compromise hindering the development of disruptive applications. In this work, we identified a strategy to achieve record conductivity values of one of the most benchmarked semiconducting polymers by doping with an entirely solution-processed, water-free and cost-effective technique. High electrical conductivity for poly(3-hexylthiophene) up to 21 S/cm has been achieved, using a commercially available electron acceptor as both a Lewis acid and an oxidizing agent. While we managed water-free solution-processing a three-time higher conductivity for P3HT with a very affordable/available chemical, near-field microscopy reveals the existence of concentrationdependent higher-conductivity micro-domains for which furthermore process optimization might access to even higher performances. In the perpetual quest of reaching higher performances for organic electronics, this work shall greatly unlock applications maturation requiring higher-scale processability and lower fabrication costs concomitant of higher performances and new functionalities, in the current context where understanding the doping mechanism of such class of materials remains of the greatest interest.

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The Effects of Crystallinity on Charge Transport and the Structure of Sequentially Processed F₄TCNQ‐Doped Conjugated Polymer Films

Abstract: This is the author manuscript accepted for publication and has undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as

Cited by 208 publications

References 102 publications

Influence of crystallinity on the thermoelectric power factor of P3HT vapour-doped with F4TCNQ

Influence of crystallinity on the thermoelectric power factor of P3HT vapour-doped with F4TCNQ

Unraveling the Microstructure‐Related Device Stability for Polymer Solar Cells Based on Nonfullerene Small‐Molecular Acceptors

Concentration-control in all-solution processed semiconducting polymer doping and high conductivity performances

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The Effects of Crystallinity on Charge Transport and the Structure of Sequentially Processed F4TCNQ‐Doped Conjugated Polymer Films

Abstract: This is the author manuscript accepted for publication and has undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as

Cited by 208 publications

References 102 publications

Influence of crystallinity on the thermoelectric power factor of P3HT vapour-doped with F4TCNQ

Influence of crystallinity on the thermoelectric power factor of P3HT vapour-doped with F4TCNQ

Unraveling the Microstructure‐Related Device Stability for Polymer Solar Cells Based on Nonfullerene Small‐Molecular Acceptors

Concentration-control in all-solution processed semiconducting polymer doping and high conductivity performances

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Product

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The Effects of Crystallinity on Charge Transport and the Structure of Sequentially Processed F₄TCNQ‐Doped Conjugated Polymer Films