The effects of cryotherapy on perineal pain after childbirth: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Kim, Hyun-Jung; An, Jiwon; Lee, Yoonyoung; Shin, Yongsoon

doi:10.1016/j.midw.2020.102788

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The 7 reviewed studies' general effect size was significantly different, and heterogeneity was detected on postpartum day 1 after an episiotomy. Similar systematic examination studies reported a significant decrease in the pain of women who received cryotherapy between 24–72 h after giving births (East et al, 2007; Kim et al, 2020). In the 3 studies included in this analysis, cold application occurred immediately after the episiotomy or 30 min after birth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…The aim of the present study was to confirm the effects of cold application methods on pain after an episiotomy through a meta‐analysis and systematic review. Unlike other reviews that included randomised or quasi‐randomised trials (Kim et al, 2020), the present review selected both RCTs and quasi‐randomised trials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since cold application occurs on the surface of the body, the skin temperature begins to drop within 2–5 min, and instant cooling occurs on the skin. After 20 min, the temperature of the deep muscle tissue, covered with about 2.5 cm subcutaneous fat, drops to approximately 5°C (Kim et al, 2020). Cold application occurred between 10–20 min in the studies included in this systematic review.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shin et al (2018) report that cryotherapy participants should be carefully observed for side effects, such as a cold allergy, cold, freezing, headache, vasoconstriction and vasodilation (Shin, 2018). Kim et al,'s (2020) systematic review and meta-analysis of cryotherapy did not investigate the negative effects of cryotherapy except for therapeutic temperature; therefore, caution must be further assessed in cryotherapy studies. Cold application might also cause infection risks when placed directly on the episiotomy site after birth or without cover the gauze (Kim et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of cold application on episiotomy pain: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Şolt

Öksüz

Murat

2021

Journal of Clinical Nursing

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Aims and Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of cold application methods in reducing postpartum episiotomy pain. Background Many women suffer from pain after giving birth due to an episiotomy. This prolonged pain affects their daily lives as they recover. Various methods can help alleviate this pain; however, the effects of cold application specifically are still under discussion. Design Systematic review and meta‐analysis were used. Methods In this review, we investigated studies from the CINAHL, PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct databases that met PICOS inclusion criteria. We also assessed the studies' methodological quality with the JADAD and JBI checklists. This study was performed based on the Guidelines of Systematic Reporting of Examination presented in the PRISMA checklist (Appendix S1). The search protocol has been registered at the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. Results A total of seven published studies including 700 total participants were included in this review. Various cold application methods (cold gel pack/pad, crushed ice gel pad, ice pack) significantly reduced the pain after an episiotomy. Ice packs in particular did not significantly differ from lavender oil and acupressure in reducing pain after an episiotomy. Conclusions Cold application methods can be an effective, non‐pharmacological midwifery and nursing intervention to reduce pain after an episiotomy. Relevance to clinical practice The use of cold application methods to reduce pain after episiotomy may reduce the need for pharmacological medication in women due to the reduction in pain in the perineum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of cold application on episiotomy pain: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Şolt

Öksüz

Murat

2021

Journal of Clinical Nursing

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“…Recently, numerous studies have demonstrated that cryotherapy was an efficacious and low-cost intervention for the management of pain (Dashina & Agasarov, 2020;Kim et al, 2020;Lizis et al, 2020).…”

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confidence: 99%

Cryotherapy alleviates symptoms in chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: The first results

2020

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Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS), an intractable abacterial inflammatory disorder, affects 2%-10% men in the world (Sahin et al., 2015). Clinically, this type of prostatitis is generally defined as chronic pain in the prostatic region (that lasts for at least 3-6 months) (Schaeffer, 2006). Symptoms of CP/CPPS include voiding dysfunction, sexual complaints and chronic pain in the perineal, lower back and suprapubic regions (Zimmermann et al., 2009). CP/CPPS patients experience a deteriorated quality of life that is comparable to those suffered from angina pectoris or Crohn's disease (McNaughton Collins et al., 2001). To date, the complicated and heterogeneous pathophysiology of CP/CPPS has not yet been completely elucidated. Thus, the management of CP/CPPS is still one of the most challenging tasks in clinical practice (Marszalek et al., 2009). A variety of therapeutic approaches have been administrated individually and in various combinations, including analgesics, antiphlogistics, antibiotics and a-receptor blockers, the efficacy is far from satisfactory for patients (Qin et al., 2018). What is worse, side effects from these drugs, such

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Comparison of photobiomodulation with cryotherapy in the immediate postpartum period of parturients with grade I, grade II lacerations and/or episiotomy in reducing perineal and vulvar and edema: A randomized clinical trial

Cristine Boniatti Constant,

Plentz Stein,

Camargo de Oliveira

et al. 2024

European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductiv

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The effects of cryotherapy on perineal pain after childbirth: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

The effect of cold application on episiotomy pain: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

The effect of cold application on episiotomy pain: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Cryotherapy alleviates symptoms in chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: The first results

Comparison of photobiomodulation with cryotherapy in the immediate postpartum period of parturients with grade I, grade II lacerations and/or episiotomy in reducing perineal and vulvar and edema: A randomized clinical trial

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