The effects of cryogenic cooling on chips and cutting forces in turning AISI 1040 and AISI 4320 steels

Abstract

Application of conventional cutting fluids often cannot control the high cutting temperatures, especially in high production machining. In addition, they are a major source of pollution in machining industries. Cryogenic cooling is a potential environmentally friendly clean technology for desirable control of the cutting temperature. The present work deals with experimental investigations on the role of cryogenic cooling by liquid nitrogen jets on chip formation and cutting forces in turning AISI 1040 steel and AISI 4320 steel at industrial speed—feed combinations by two types of carbide inserts of different geometrical configurations. The experimental results indicate the possibility of a substantial reduction in cutting forces by cryogenic cooling, which enabled a reduction in cutting forces by favourable chip formation, chip—tool interaction and also retention of tool sharpness due to reduced cutting temperature. Thus cryogenic cooling, if properly employed, is not only environmentally friendly but can also improve machinability characteristics.

Optimizing power consumption for CNC turned parts using response surface methodology and Taguchi's technique—A comparative analysis

“…Compared to dry and wet grinding with conventional fluid, cryogenically cooled grinding provided better surface integrity, lower cutting forces and longer wheel life, though in different degrees for different kinds of steels, mainly through reducing temperature, preventing wheel loading and retaining grit hardness. Dhar et al (2002) have studied the effect of cryogenic cooling in machining of AISI 1040 steel and AISI 4320 steel and reported similar findings.…”

Experimental investigations on machinability aspects in finish hard turning of AISI 4340 steel using uncoated and multilayer coated carbide inserts

“…10 and Table 3). The burnt blue color chip indicates the excessive temperature involved in machining process and rapid deterioration of sharpness of the cutting edge of the tool [23]. 6.…”

A review identifying the effectiveness of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) during conventional machining

“…Cryogenic cooling has been studied extensively in different machining processes including milling [160,161], turning [162,163], drilling [164] and grinding [165] with positive results.…”