The Effects of Crumb Rubber Topdressing on Hybrid Kentucky Bluegrass and Bermudagrass Athletic Fields in the Transition Zone

Goddard, Matthew J. R.; Sorochan, John C.; McElroy, J. Scott; Karcher, Douglas E.; Landreth, Josh W.

doi:10.2135/cropsci2007.07.0405

Cited by 29 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…These results are inconsistent with percent green coverage data in Tennessee under low (two passes weekly) traffic intensity (12,21), as well as under percent vegetative coverage in Arkansas across low and high (six passes weekly) traffic intensities (12). However, these results are consistent with green and vegetative coverage results under high traffic intensity and when vegetative coverage was evaluated under low traffic intensity in Tennessee (12). Tifway, Riviera and Yukon bermudagrass performed similarly in our trial in the fall.…”

Section: Bermudagrass Traffic Tolerancecontrasting

confidence: 85%

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Bermudagrass Cultivars Differ in Their Summer Traffic Tolerance and Ability to Maintain Green Turf Coverage Under Fall Traffic

Trappe

Patton

Richardson

2011

Applied Turfgrass Science

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Bermudagrass [Cynodon spp. (L.) Rich.] is one of the most widely used turfgrass species for golf courses and sports fields in the southern United States and in the transitional climatic zone. Continuous trafficking from play or equipment can reduce bermudagrass coverage and turf quality. This study evaluated 42 bermudagrass cultivars for their response to traffic. Traffic was applied in summer and fall of 2007 and 2008 with a Cady Traffic Simulator. There were several commercially available cultivars that had the highest coverage in both summers when trafficked including Barbados, Celebration, Contessa, Dune, Midlawn, Mirage II, Panama, Premier, Princess 77, Patriot, Riviera, Southern Star, Sovereign, Sundevil II, Sunsport, TifGrand, Tifsport, Tifway, Transcontinental, Veracruz, and Yukon. However, only the cultivars Barbados, Celebration, Contesssa, and Premier and the experimental genotypes SWI‐1003, SWI‐1046, Tift No. 1, and Tift. No. 2 were in the top statistical grouping for green turf coverage in both summer and fall of both years. These results demonstrate that bermudagrass cultivars vary in their response to traffic. Selecting improved, traffic‐tolerant bermudagrasses will help reduce maintenance inputs and increase sustainability of golf courses and athletic fields while also producing a better‐quality and safer surface for sports.

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Section: Bermudagrass Traffic Tolerancecontrasting

confidence: 85%

“…× C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy] was reported to have similar wear (25) and traffic (5,24) tolerance to 'Tifsport' hybrid bermudagrass. Riviera and Tifway were shown to have similar traffic tolerance (8,24) and improved traffic tolerance compared to Quickstand (8,12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bermudagrass Cultivars Differ in Their Summer Traffic Tolerance and Ability to Maintain Green Turf Coverage Under Fall Traffic

Trappe

Patton

Richardson

2011

Applied Turfgrass Science

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“…Goddard et al (2008) also reported lower surface hardness values on several bermudagrass cultivars retaining greater green cover after receiving crumb rubber topdressing before simulated traffic. Goddard et al (2008) also reported lower surface hardness values on several bermudagrass cultivars retaining greater green cover after receiving crumb rubber topdressing before simulated traffic.…”

Section: Surface Hardness and Rotational Resistancementioning

confidence: 87%

Large Crabgrass, White Clover, and Hybrid Bermudagrass Athletic Field Playing Quality in Response to Simulated Traffic

et al. 2014

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Athletic field playing quality encompasses both aesthetics as well as athlete‐to‐surface interactions that can affect injury incidence. Legislation restricting the use of herbicides on athletic fields may lead to increases in problematic weeds, such as large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.), which could reduce athletic field playing quality and potentially increase potential for athletic injuries. Research was conducted at the University of Tennessee Center for Athletic Field Safety (Knoxville, TN) during 2012 to 2013 to evaluate the playing quality of large crabgrass and white clover compared with weed‐free hybrid bermudagrass (C. dactylon ⋅ C. transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy, ‘Tifway’). All plots (3 by 3 m) were maintained as monostands and subjected to 18 simulated traffic events with a Cady traffic simulator each autumn over 2 yr. Large crabgrass and white clover lost green cover approximately 12 times faster than hybrid bermudagrass in this study. Consequently, surface hardness values on large crabgrass and white clover plots were ∼48 to 52% higher than those measured on hybrid bermudagrass after 18 simulated traffic events were applied. Changes in both surface hardness and rotational resistance were significantly correlated (P < 0.0001) to changes in green cover following simulated traffic. Our findings indicate that groundcover domination by weeds, such as large crabgrass and white clover, compromises the aesthetics and safety of natural grass athletic fields. Additional research is needed to evaluate athletic field playing quality on polystands of hybrid bermudagrass, large crabgrass, and white clover to determine acceptable thresholds of weed cover for player safety. Information of this nature would be useful for justifying various weed control measures such as herbicide applications.

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“…Mean turfgrass ground cover was greatest (≥ 80%) in the treatments that received crumb rubber alone or a 2.4‐cm layer of USGA sand then a 2.4‐cm layer of crumb rubber, followed by treatments that received a 4.8‐cm layer of USGA sand, then treatments that received CPG, NPSD, and USGAF sand, and finally the non‐topdressed control, which produced the lowest turfgrass cover values. Prior research has also determined that crumb rubber topdressing at a 2.0‐cm depth can provide increased Kentucky bluegrass and bermudagrass cover in the transition zone (12), and Kentucky bluegrass‐perennial ryegrass cover in a cool‐season climate after traffic simulation (24). Similar results were reported for bermudagrass ( Cynodon dactylon ) quality, stand density, and rooting as a result of a 6.0‐mm sand topdressing layer (18).…”

Section: Effects Of Topdressing Materials On Turfgrass Cover and Shearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Sand and Crumb Rubber Topdressing Improves Kentucky Bluegrass Wear Tolerance

Kowalewski

Dunne

Rogers

et al. 2011

Applied Turfgrass Science

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Sand topdressing and crumb rubber can be used to improve native soil athletic field playability. However, there is a wide range in the physical properties, price, and availability of these materials. The objective of this field research was to evaluate the effects of various topdressing materials on the autumn wear tolerance and surface stability of a well established Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) stand. Research was conducted on a sandy loam in East Lansing, MI, to evaluate the effects of four different sand‐based materials with a range of physical properties, crumb rubber, a treatment that received sand then crumb rubber and a non‐topdressed control. In the first summer, 4.8 cm of sand‐based topdressing material, 2.4 cm of crumb rubber, and 2.4 cm of sand then 2.4 cm of crumb rubber was accumulated over their respective plots. Turf was subjected to simulated traffic using the Cady traffic simulator from mid‐October through mid‐November. In 2009, topdressing applications and subsequent traffic were repeated on the same experimental plots. Visual percent living ground cover (0 to 100%) and Clegg turf shear tester (TST) strength were measured. The control, while producing some of the greatest turf shear tester strength, provided the lowest turfgrass cover: 46.7% in 2008 and 35.0% in 2009. Crumb rubber, while being the most expensive topdressing material, provided the greatest turfgrass cover: 85.0% in 2008 and 90.0% in 2009. All sands provided comparable living ground cover and turf shear tester strength with the exception of a poorly‐graded sand, which produced the lowest shear tester strength values in 2008.

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The Effects of Crumb Rubber Topdressing on Hybrid Kentucky Bluegrass and Bermudagrass Athletic Fields in the Transition Zone

Cited by 29 publications

References 10 publications

Bermudagrass Cultivars Differ in Their Summer Traffic Tolerance and Ability to Maintain Green Turf Coverage Under Fall Traffic

Bermudagrass Cultivars Differ in Their Summer Traffic Tolerance and Ability to Maintain Green Turf Coverage Under Fall Traffic

Large Crabgrass, White Clover, and Hybrid Bermudagrass Athletic Field Playing Quality in Response to Simulated Traffic

Heavy Sand and Crumb Rubber Topdressing Improves Kentucky Bluegrass Wear Tolerance

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