The Effects of COVID-19 on Skeletal Muscles, Muscle Fatigue and Rehabilitation Programs Outcomes

Pescaru, Camelia; Maritescu, Adelina; Costin, Emanuela Oana; Trăilă, Daniel; Marc, Monica; Trușculescu, Ana Adriana; Pescaru, Andrei; Oancea, Cristian

doi:10.3390/medicina58091199

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Neuropathy caused by COVID-19 will be treated with an emphasis on symptom alleviation and virus recovery [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 is associated with high blood glucose levels: Diabetic neuropathy during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Bereda

2023

Preprint

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Background: The nerves in the legs and feet are most frequently damaged by diabetic neuropathy. The COVID-19 infection is associated with a high risk of neuropathy symptoms. Case Presentation: On July 12, 2022, a 58-year-old black female retiree with significant symptoms of numbness and muscle weakness in the hands and legs was brought into the emergency room. 17 years prior, she received a type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis. Metformin 1.5 g twice a day and glibenclamide 10 mg twice a day were part of her therapy regimen. When she was admitted to the emergency room, she described a one-day history of shortness of breath, frequent urination, excessive thirst, hyperglycemia, excessive appetite, fever, headache, and dehydration. A chest X-ray showed bilateral diffuse, patchy airspace opacities that could be caused by multifocal pneumonia or viral pneumonia. She started receiving 1000 mL of fluid resuscitation (0.9% normal saline) as soon as she was moved to the critical care unit, along with a drip-in insulin infusion. Conclusion: Diabetes, infections like COVID-19, poor vitamin levels, and other factors can all contribute to diabetic neuropathies. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are much more likely to experience severe morbidity and death from coronavirus disease-19. Symptoms of diabetic neuropathy continued for months after a COVID-19 infection test resulted in a positive result.

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“…Neuropathy caused by COVID-19 will be treated with an emphasis on symptom alleviation and virus recovery [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 is associated with high blood glucose levels: Diabetic neuropathy during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Bereda

2023

Preprint

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“…Functional changes in the cardiac system, as reflected by a lower stroke volume ( 36–38 ), chronotropic incompetence and lower end-diastolic volume, have been observed further in COVID-19 patients ( 38 ). A recent review provided additional information that COVID-19 patients experience muscular damage, which is produced by disease-induced changes (i.e., inflammatory effects, cytokine storm and muscle catabolism), pharmacotherapy (i.e., corticotherapy) and prolonged immobility ( 39 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on cardiorespiratory fitness: a meta-analysis

Chuatrakoon,

Konghakote,

Sa-nguanmoo

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundDespite surviving Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), its long-term impact is of concern. Low cardiorespiratory fitness is a strong predictor of all-cause mortality, and likely affected by multisystem impairments following COVID-19 infection. Accumulating evidence has identified the impact of COVID-19 on cardiorespiratory fitness level. However, the findings have been controversial. Conclusive evidence is still needed.ObjectivesThis review aimed to systematically summarize and synthesize whether the SARS-CoV-2 infection diminishes cardiorespiratory fitness in COVID-19 survivors.DesignThe study design was a systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsA search was carried out using PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase and the Cochrane Library, together with reference lists (searching from their inception to January 2023). Observational studies investigating the impact of COVID-19 on outcomes relevant to cardiorespiratory fitness (i.e., peak oxygen uptake) were included. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to identify a pooled effect estimate. Use of a random effects model was considered as the main method. Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was employed to determine the certainty of evidence. This meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42023393108).ResultsSeven eligible studies (4 cross-sectional, 2 cohort, and 1 case–control studies) involving 4,773 participants were included in this meta-analysis. A pooled effect estimates showed that patients in the surviving COVID-19 group had a significant reduction in peak oxygen uptake when compared to their counterparts in the non-COVID-19 group (WMD −6.70, 95%CI −9.34 to −4.06, low certainty). A subgroup analysis by age found that COVID-19 survivors in the young- to middle-aged and middle- to older-aged subgroups had significant reductions in peak oxygen uptake when compared to their counterparts in the non-COVID-19 group (WMD −5.31, 95%CI −7.69 to −2.94, low certainty; WMD −15.63, 95%CI −28.50 to −2.75, very low certainty, respectively). Subgroup analyses by symptom found that patients with moderate to severe symptoms in the surviving COVID-19 group had significantly lower peak oxygen uptake than their counterparts in the non-COVID-19 group (WMD −15.63, 95%CI −28.50 to −2.75, very low certainty).ConclusionThe current meta-analysis concluded that patients in the COVID-19 survivors had poorer cardiorespiratory fitness than their counterparts in the non-COVID-19 group, but there is considerable uncertainty of evidence. Poorer cardiorespiratory fitness is likely to be more pronounced in COVID-19 survivors who are getting older and had severe symptoms, but it is uncertain whether such finding has a valuable in clinical context.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, CRD42023393108.

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“…16 Studies represented that after the recovery period of COVID-19, fatigue, muscle weakness, and breathing disorders are possible. 17,18 Many of the patients' delayed symptoms can be managed at home. Depression, cough, headache, cough, pain, and phlegm were the other remaining symptoms in patients in our 2 follow-up periods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Complications After Discharge of Patients With COVID-19: A Cross-sectional Study in Iran

Mirenayat,

Abedi,

Zahiri

et al. 2023

Int J Basic Sci Med

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Introduction: Many patients with COVID-19 complain about the remaining symptoms after being discharged from the hospital. Therefore, monitoring possible complications after contracting COVID-19 can play a significant role in the management of this disease. The purpose of this study was to assess long-term complications in patients with COVID-19. Methods: Patients with COVID-19 who were referred to the hospital from June to November 2021 were examined in our cross-sectional study. Before the discharge of patients, the six-minute walk was performed and the patient’s clinical information was recorded. Then, patients were recalled and analyzed 2 weeks and 1 month after discharge. Results: Ninety-one patients participated in our study. After 2 weeks, fatigue with a prevalence of 62.6% was the most common clinical symptom residual in patients. In addition, 1 month after discharge, dyspnea (46.4%) and fatigue (35.7%), as well as muscle weakness and anxiety (28.6%), were the most common symptoms. The mean of oxygen saturation was 93.43±3.71 two weeks after discharge and 94.79±2.14 one month after discharge. The distance traveled at 6-minute walk test (6-MWT) was not significantly increased 1 month after discharge (P=0.43). However, the mean of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (P=0.001), forced vital capacity (FVC) average (P=0.002), and total lung capacity (TLC) (P=05) increased significantly after 1 month. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, in some patients with COVID-19, symptoms such as dyspnea and fatigue remain until 1 month after discharge from the hospital. In such patients, chest computed tomography scans, pulmonary rehabilitation, and patient follow-up can help patients recover faster.

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The Effects of COVID-19 on Skeletal Muscles, Muscle Fatigue and Rehabilitation Programs Outcomes

Cited by 11 publications

References 64 publications

COVID-19 is associated with high blood glucose levels: Diabetic neuropathy during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

COVID-19 is associated with high blood glucose levels: Diabetic neuropathy during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Long-term impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on cardiorespiratory fitness: a meta-analysis

Long-Term Complications After Discharge of Patients With COVID-19: A Cross-sectional Study in Iran

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