The Effects of COVID-19 Measures on Air Pollutant Concentrations at Urban and Traffic Sites in Istanbul

Şahin, Ülkü Alver

doi:10.4209/aaqr.2020.05.0239

Cited by 34 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…1. multivariate regression analysis methods, where two main data sets were used: the dependent/outcome variables describing the pollutant concentrations and the independent/exposure variables that adjusted for weather conditions (Bao and Zhang, 2020;Cameletti, 2020;Connerton et al, 2020;Jia et al, 2020a;Lei et al, 2020;Venter et al, 2020;Xiang et al, 2020); 2. machine-learning methods, where algorithms were trained on measurements of pollutants and meteorological parameters from previous years to predict the "business as usual" emission estimates for 2020 (Petetin et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2020e;Wyche et al, 2020;Zheng et al, 2020); 3. difference-in-difference methods, where the impact of lockdown measures on air quality were quantified through a fixed-effects ordinary least squares (OLS) approach with the key explanatory variable being the lockdown measures and weather variables used as vectors (Navinya et al, 2020;Liu et al, 2021a); and 4. generalized additive models that accounted for the additive effect of meteorology on the pollutant concentrations and their nonlinear relationships using the meteorological parameters as a model predictor input to derive the pollutant concentration (Ordóñez et al, 2020;Ropkins and Tate, 2020).…”

Section: Statistical Tools To Account For the Influence Of Meteorologmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…,(Sicard et al, 2020), a(Tobías et al, 2020), a(Venter et al, 2020),(Higham et al, 2020), a(Fu et al, 2020),(Petetin et al, 2020), (Martorell-Marugán et al, 2021), a(Filippini et al, 2020),(Zhang et al, 2020d),(Gualtieri et al, 2020), a (Ordóñez et al, 2020,(Ropkins and Tate, 2020),(Wyche et al, 2020),(Ljubenkov et al, 2020),(Jakovljević et al, 2020) a Oceania Australia(Forster et al, 2020),(Venter et al, 2020),(Fu et alal., 2020), a (Ass et al, 2020) a a Publications that include absolute concentrations and relative changes.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The global impacts of COVID-19 lockdowns on urban air pollution

Gkatzelis

Gilman

Brown

et al. 2021

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

132

154

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The coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic led to government interventions to limit the spread of the disease which are unprecedented in recent history; for example, stay at home orders led to sudden decreases in atmospheric emissions from the transportation sector. In this review article, the current understanding of the influence of emission reductions on atmospheric pollutant concentrations and air quality is summarized for nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM2.5), ozone (O3), ammonia, sulfur dioxide, black carbon, volatile organic compounds, and carbon monoxide (CO). In the first 7 months following the onset of the pandemic, more than 200 papers were accepted by peer-reviewed journals utilizing observations from ground-based and satellite instruments. Only about one-third of this literature incorporates a specific method for meteorological correction or normalization for comparing data from the lockdown period with prior reference observations despite the importance of doing so on the interpretation of results. We use the government stringency index (SI) as an indicator for the severity of lockdown measures and show how key air pollutants change as the SI increases. The observed decrease of NO2 with increasing SI is in general agreement with emission inventories that account for the lockdown. Other compounds such as O3, PM2.5, and CO are also broadly covered. Due to the importance of atmospheric chemistry on O3 and PM2.5 concentrations, their responses may not be linear with respect to primary pollutants. At most sites, we found O3 increased, whereas PM2.5 decreased slightly, with increasing SI. Changes of other compounds are found to be understudied. We highlight future research needs for utilizing the emerging data sets as a preview of a future state of the atmosphere in a world with targeted permanent reductions of emissions. Finally, we emphasize the need to account for the effects of meteorology, emission trends, and atmospheric chemistry when determining the lockdown effects on pollutant concentrations.

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Section: Statistical Tools To Account For the Influence Of Meteorologmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The global impacts of COVID-19 lockdowns on urban air pollution

Gkatzelis

Gilman

Brown

et al. 2021

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

132

154

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Due to the global spread of the SARS-cov-2 virus, most countries were under mandatory lockdown conditions to introduce precautionary measures including limitations on travel, public gatherings, and a mandatory 14-day quarantine period for suspected or confirmed patients and overseas travellers, to help prevent the spread of COVID-19. The precautionary measures taken during lockdown facilitated temporary improvements in air quality particularly in highly polluted countries (e.g., China, India, and Italy), where PM2.5 levels were significantly and dramatically decreased by at least 25% (Bedi et al, 2020;Li et al, 2020a;Li et al, 2020c;Kumar et al, 2020a;Şahin, 2020;Shakoor et al, 2020;Srivastava et al, 2020;Zoran et al, 2020).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Big Data Analysis for Effects of the COVID-19 Outbreak on Ambient PM2.5 in Areas that Were Not Locked Down

Chao

Tsai

et al. 2021

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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At the end of 2019, the coronavirus COVID-19 outbreak was first observed. Also known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SAS-cov-2), it rapidly spread globally in the first half of 2020. COVID-19 disease was well-controlled in Taiwan without a nation-wide lockdown. Our study aimed to investigate PM2.5 levels and patterns from PM2.5 sensors during the COVID-19 situation in 2020 compared with those in the corresponding periods in 2019. Our sampling areas were located at industrial areas in the north and south Taiwan and were used to gather PM2.5 data from approximately 1,500 PM2.5 sensors every 1 or 3 minutes between January and March of 2019 and 2020. Compared with the corresponding period of 2019 (16.3 and 32.4 μg m -3 in north and south Taiwan, respectively), PM2.5 was significantly reduced by 3.70% and 10.6% in north and south Taiwan, respectively, during the COVID-19 situation from January to March in 2020 based on a big data analysis. Similar PM2.5 patterns were observed in the industrial areas in north and south Taiwan in 2019 and 2020. Based on our results, the decline in PM2.5 during the COVID-19 outbreak has mainly been due to decreased domestic emissions of PM2.5 precursors (i.e., nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide) and to a lesser degree is due to reductions in transboundary transportation of PM2.5, such as long-range PM2.5 transport from China. PM2.5 may be temporarily decreased during the COVID-19 outbreak, but the patterns remained similar to those in the past.Considering restrictions related to the rapid spread of the SAS-cov-2 virus during the COVID-19

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“…3). Nonetheless, the reduction of NO 2 was significant in all stations located in the central and south Peninsular, suggesting the impact of movement restriction due to COVID-19 reduction of numbers of vehicles and to the NO 2 concentrations Şahin, 2020).…”

Section: Site-scale Analysis Of Air Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Spatiotemporal Variations and Contributing Factors of Air Pollutant Concentrations in Malaysia during Movement Control Order due to Pandemic COVID-19

Ash’aari

Aris

Ezani

et al. 2020

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The restriction of daily and economic-related activities due to COVID-19 pandemic via lockdown order has been reported to improve air quality. This study evaluated temporal and spatial variations of four major air pollutant concentrations across Malaysia before (March 4, 2020-March 17, 2020) and during the implementation of different phases of Movement Control Order (MCO) (March 18, 2020-May 12, 2020) from 65 official regulatory air quality stations. Results showed that restriction in daily and economic activities has remarkably reduced the air quality in all suburban , urban, and industrial settings with relatively small contributions from meteorological conditions. Overall, compared to before MCO, average concentrations of PM 2.5 , CO, and NO 2 reduced by 23.1%, 21.74%, and 54.0%, respectively, while that of SO 2 was constant. The highest reduction of PM 2.5 , CO, and NO 2 were observed in stations located in urban setting, where 63% stations showed significant reduction (p < 0.05) for PM 2.5 and CO, while all stations showed significant reduction in NO 2 concentrations. It was also revealed that 70.5% stations recorded lower concentrations of PM 2.5 during MCO compared to before MCO, despite that high numbers of local hotspots were observed simultaneously from NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Spatial analysis showed that the northern part of Peninsular had the highest significant reduction of PM 2.5 , while the highest of NO 2 and CO reduction were found in stations located in the central region. All pollutants exhibit similar diurnal trends when compared between pre-and during MCO although significant lower readings were observed during MCO. This study gives confidence to regulatory body; the enforcement of strict air pollution prevention and control policies could help in reducing pollution.

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The Effects of COVID-19 Measures on Air Pollutant Concentrations at Urban and Traffic Sites in Istanbul

Cited by 34 publications

References 17 publications

The global impacts of COVID-19 lockdowns on urban air pollution

The global impacts of COVID-19 lockdowns on urban air pollution

Big Data Analysis for Effects of the COVID-19 Outbreak on Ambient PM2.5 in Areas that Were Not Locked Down

Spatiotemporal Variations and Contributing Factors of Air Pollutant Concentrations in Malaysia during Movement Control Order due to Pandemic COVID-19

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