The Effects of Courtyards on Indoor Thermal Conditions of Chinese Shophouse in Malacca

Zakaria, Mohd Azuan; Kubota, Tetsu; Toe, Doris Hooi Chyee

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.1094

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The central courtyards are used in order to have access to fresh air and daylight in extreme climates (Sharples & Bensalem, 2001) (Alvarez, Sanchez, & Molina, 1998) (Shao, Walker, & Woolliscroft, 1993) (Sadafi, Salleh, Chin Haw, & Jaafar, 2011) (Hopkinson, Galbraith, Petherbridge, & Longmore, 1966) (Acosta, Navarro, & Sendra, 2014) (Acosta, Navarro, & Sendra, 2013) (Vaisman & Horvat, 2015) (Michael, Heracleous, Thravalou, & Philokyprou, 2017). The validity of central courtyards as a way to reduce energy consumption in interior spaces is approved by several studies (Safarzadeh & Bahadori, 2005) (Taleghani, Tenpierik, & van den Dobbelst, 2014) (Yasa & Ok, 2014) (Muhaisen & Gadi, 2006b) (Zakaria, Kubota, & Chyee Toeb, 2015) (Al-Masri & Abu-Hijleh, 2012) (Manioglu & Koçlar Orala, 2015) . In fact, the central courtyard is regarded as a climatic optimizer as it provides better environmental thermal conditions (Memarian & Brown, 2006) (Memarian, 1998) (Biabani Moghadam Babolia, Ibrahim, & Mohds Sharifc, 2015) (Soflaei, Shokouhian, & Mofidi Shemirani, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical evaluation of thermal comfort in traditional courtyards to develop new microclimate design in a hot and dry climate

Nasrollahi

Hatami

Khastar

et al. 2017

Sustainable Cities and Society

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The growing interest in thermal comfort of outdoor environments yields in different analysis on courtyards as a common space between urban and architectural scales. However, there is a limited knowledge regarding the microclimatic behavior of such spaces. Using ENVI-met simulations, this paper aims to numerically discuss the thermal performance of different configurations of traditionally designed courtyards in Shiraz, Iran, which experiences hot summers and cold winters. The geometrical effects such as orientation and H/W (height to width ratio) of courtyards are considered as potential parameters to improve the microclimatic conditions. In this paper, PMV and UTCI are used as thermal comfort indices.The obtained results indicate mean radiant temperature and wind speed as the most effective parameters for thermal comfort of courtyards. In addition, the aforementioned geometrical parameters might not be able to solely create a desirable condition, but they could significantly improve the thermal comfort of courtyards during summer and winter. To achieve a desirable thermal comfort level, the results suggest using configurations of a high H/W rate and southward orientation in order to obtain better shading during summer as well as allowing the solar radiation in while regulating the wind speed in winter.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical evaluation of thermal comfort in traditional courtyards to develop new microclimate design in a hot and dry climate

Nasrollahi

Hatami

Khastar

et al. 2017

Sustainable Cities and Society

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“…Local habitants appeared to be more tolerant of high humidity levels when there was natural ventilation, even though a considerably number of respondents showed dissatisfaction with the thermal environment in summer. Another case study by Xu et al [22] optimized the courtyard geometry layout of a museum located in an HSCW zone in China, reducing cooling loads in summer by approximately 19.6% and heating loads in winter by approximately 22.3%. Compared to the quantity and quality of relevant studies in hot-arid and hot-humid climates, future research is needed on the courtyard's climatic-responsive mechanism in HSCW climate zones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was observed that cross-ventilation was generated by the prevailing winds during the day, while the dense cooled air above the roofs fell into the courtyard as a downward wind at night [18]. Additionally, the effects of courtyards constructed of high thermal mass materials on indoor thermal comfort were discussed by Zakaria et al [19]. The results suggested that the high thermal mass material caused an increase in temperature at night.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Effects of Courtyards on the Thermal Performance of a Vernacular House in a Hot-Summer and Cold-Winter Climate

Hao

et al. 2019

Energies

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Achieving comfort in hot summer and cold winter (HSCW) climate zones can be challenging, since the climate is characterized by high temperatures in the summer and relatively colder temperatures in the winter. Courtyards, along with other semi-open spaces such as verandas and overhangs, play an important role in mitigating outdoor climate fluctuations. In this research, the effects of courtyards on the thermal performance of vernacular houses in HSCW climate zones were studied via field measurements and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models. The selected courtyard house was a representative vernacular timber dwelling situated in the southeast of Chongqing, China. The indoor and outdoor air temperature measurements revealed that the courtyard did play an active role as a climatic buffer and significantly reduced the temperature’s peak value in the summer, while during the winter, the courtyard prevented the surrounding rooms from receiving direct solar radiation, and thus to some extent acted as a heat barrier. The contributions of thermal mass are quite limited in this area, due to insufficient solar radiation in winter and general building operations. The natural ventilation mechanism of courtyard houses in HSCW zones was further studied through CFD simulations. The selected opened courtyard was compared to an enclosed structure with similar building configurations. The airflow patterns driven by wind and buoyancy effects were first simulated separately, and then together, to illustrate the ventilation mechanisms. The simulation results show that the courtyard’s natural ventilation behavior benefited from the proper openings on ground level.

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“…The influence of a courtyard on the thermal condition has a strong reliance on the envelope opening and exhibits a better energy performance in hot-dry and hothumid climates [3][4][5]. According to Almhafdy et al [2], the development of a courtyard has moved forward into the era of sustainability and green architecture, where the courtyard configurations can be classified into four.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the reported studies are experimental studies that focus on the advantages and disadvantages of the internal courtyard in terms of natural ventilation and daylighting, either through the field measurement or simulation [3,4,6,13,14]. Therefore, the aim of this research is to evaluate the residents' acceptance level of two residential colleges with an internal courtyard arrangement, with the purpose of justifying the relevance of the internal courtyard in the building design, particularly low-rise residential buildings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resident’s acceptance of internal courtyard buildings

2016

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Abstract. The internal courtyard of the residential building creates a micro-environment that provides a comfortable indoor environment. The acceptance of the courtyard by residents is disreputable even though its benefits have been scientifically proven. A survey using a set of questionnaire was carried out at two residential colleges to gauge the acceptance level of residents towards an existing internal courtyard. Results show that the majority of respondents of both residential colleges have given positive feedbacks, which include the perception on building and landscape designs in general, the quality of the landscape setting at the internal courtyard, the frequency of the time spent at the internal courtyard in a day, and the influence of the landscape setting at the internal courtyard on the quality of life. These feedbacks are not influenced by the gender aspect holistically. Indirectly, it indicates that the internal courtyard is positively relevant to be applied to the building design, particularly low-rise residential buildings.

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The Effects of Courtyards on Indoor Thermal Conditions of Chinese Shophouse in Malacca

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

Numerical evaluation of thermal comfort in traditional courtyards to develop new microclimate design in a hot and dry climate

Numerical evaluation of thermal comfort in traditional courtyards to develop new microclimate design in a hot and dry climate

The Effects of Courtyards on the Thermal Performance of a Vernacular House in a Hot-Summer and Cold-Winter Climate

Resident’s acceptance of internal courtyard buildings

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