The effects of cooling on experimental free flap survival

Remote ischemic perconditioning attenuates acute inflammation of experimental musculocutaneous flaps following ischemia‐reperfusion injury

“…Hypothermia has clinical applicability in case of prolonged ischemia, e.g., due to immediate anastomotic failure or when harvesting free flaps from discarded amputated limbs . It is well known that hypothermia prolongs the critical ischemia time of muscle and musculocutaneous flaps . However, the present study showed no protective effect of hypothermic ischemia on inflammatory cytokine secretion following ischemia‐reperfusion injury compared with normothermic ischemia.…”

“…Extensive ischemia‐reperfusion injury results in microcirculatory failure, which is a component of free flap failure following prolonged primary or secondary ischemia . The critical ischemia time varies according to the tissue type and storage temperature . Cooling lowers the metabolism of tissues and is routinely used for traumatic amputations.…”

Cryolipolysis for Noninvasive Fat Cell Destruction

“…The reason for the lack of effect of cold exposure on skin or associated structures is most probably the carefully controlled condition under which heat is being extracted from the adipose tissue—the prototype device used in this study regulates the rate of energy extraction from the skin (measured in mW/cm 2 ) through monitoring of several electronic thermistor sensors on the skin surface. In other situations, cold exposure can result in significant inflammation of the skin, 28–30 but fat appears to be more susceptible to cold exposure and to ischemia and ischemia‐reperfusion injury than other tissues, including the skin 25,31 …”

Improving the ischemia-reperfusion injury in vascularized composite allotransplantation: Clinical experience and experimental implications

“…Skin and subcutaneous tissue are relatively resistant to the effects of anoxia, and intracellular pH changes are reversible for up to 24 h (32). Donski et al (33) investigated the effect of cooling on the survival of free flaps in rabbit. They found 86% of flaps that were cooled for 1-3d survived.…”