The effects of control over high intensity noise on plasma cortisol levels in rhesus monkeys

Hanson, John D.; Larson, Mark E.; Snowdon, Charles T.

doi:10.1016/s0091-6773(76)91460-7

Cited by 151 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In other words, loss of predictability would be more detrimental to welfare than lack of predictability (unpredictability). This hypothesis is largely due to extrapolation of findings from studies indicating that loss of control over an aversive outcome, in animals that have previously been able to control it, is more stressful than never having had control (Hanson et al, 1976;Seligman, 1975;Tsuda et al, 1983;Weiss, 1971b). However, there was no difference in the amount and severity of gastric lesions shown by rats exposed to a loss of predictability of shock, compared to those that were continuously exposed to unpredictable shock (Tsuda et al, 1984).…”

Section: Effects Of Loss Of Predictability On Animal Welfarementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Control is thought to be psychologically and physiologically important to animals (Chamove and Anderson, 1989;Hanson et al, 1976;Mineka et al, 1986;Overmier et al, 1980) but although the concept of control over positive stimuli is relatively well developed in the enrichment literature (e.g. Buchanan-Smith, 1997) its application is primarily limited to feeding (e.g.…”

Section: Effects Of Control On Animal Welfarementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, rats able to press a bar to avoid electric shock showed fewer physiological signs of stress, such as weight loss and gastric lesions than those that could not exercise control, even though the groups were yoked and received exactly the same amount of shock (Weiss, 1968). Positive behavioural and physiological changes have been found when captive primates have been given control over aspects of their environment such as food delivery (Line et al, 1991) or auditory stimuli (Hanson et al, 1976).…”

Section: Effects Of Control On Animal Welfarementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of predictability on the welfare of captive animals

Bassett

Buchanan‐Smith

2007

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

278

253

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Variations in the predictability of a stressor have pronounced effects on the behavioural and physiological effects of stress in rats. It is reasonable to expect that variations in the predictability of husbandry routines thought to be aversive to animals might have similar effects on stress indices. Similarly, variations in the predictability of positive events, of which feeding is an obvious example, may affect welfare. This review examines the behavioural and physiological effects of the predictability of aversive and appetitive stimuli, and the application of experimental findings to animal husbandry in practice. It is argued here that two distinct but overlapping types of predictability exist. 'Temporal' predictability describes whether an event occurs at fixed or variable intervals, whereas 'signalled' predictability relates to the reliability of a signal preceding the event. This review examines the effects of each of these types of predictability in relation to positively and negatively perceived events, and examines the link between predictability and control. Recommendations are made for relatively simple and inexpensive modifications to husbandry routines that may be easy to incorporate into the schedules of busy staff yet could have a profound impact on the welfare of animals in their care.

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Section: Effects Of Loss Of Predictability On Animal Welfarementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Control On Animal Welfarementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Control On Animal Welfarementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of predictability on the welfare of captive animals

Bassett

Buchanan‐Smith

2007

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

278

253

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“…Tberefore, the organism lost controllability when such a coping conflict occurred. In fact, much evidence seems to support this interpretation (Hanson, Larson, & Snowdon, 1976;Tsuda, Ida, & Tanaka, 1989;Tsuda, Tanaka, Nishikawa, & Hirai, 1983;Weiss, 1971).…”

Section: Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of controllability in appetitive situations interferes with subsequent learning in aversive situations

Sonoda

Okayasu

Hirai

1991

Animal Learning & Behavior

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In two experiments, we examined whether or not a loss of control over food availability would interfere with subsequent two-way shuttle-escape learning. Rats that had experienced loss of control over food delivery were impaired in their acquisition of a shuttle-escape response, relative to the response-contingent and the continuous-reinforcement control rats (in Experiments 1 and 2) and to the lack-of-control and home cage control rats (in Experiment 2). Rats that had received noncontingent food delivery without a prior history of control over food exhibited poorer performance than did the home cage control rats. Moreover, loss of control resulted in a larger interference effect than did lack of control, supporting the view that the learning of response-outcome noncontingency is the main determinant of the interference effect.

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“…Such stressors include novelty (Ader, 1970;Friedman et al, 1967), uncontrollable and unpredictable events (Beerda et al, 1998;Hanson et al, 1976;Muir and Pfister, 1986), and separation from attachment figures (Hennessy, 1997;Mendoza and Mason, 1986;Smotherman et al, 1979). HPA activation involves a cascade of events that culminate in the release of glucocorticoids into the bloodstream.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%