The Effects of Contingent Pairing on Establishing Praise as a Reinforcer with Children with Autism

Axe, Judah B.; Laprime, Amanda P.

doi:10.1007/s10882-016-9526-9

Cited by 23 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Axe and Laprime () extended Dozier et al () by demonstrating that the contingent pairing procedure resulted in praise (“Nice job”) becoming a reinforcer for two participants with autism; however, these results did not maintain across sessions. Axe and Laprime also compared different “dosages” of pairings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…In summary, praise has been established as a conditioned reinforcer through discriminative (Holth et al, ; Lovaas et al, ; Vandbakk, Olaff, & Holth, ) and contingent pairing (Axe & Laprime, ; Dozier et al, ) procedures, and Rodriguez and Gutierrez () found the contingent pairing procedure to be superior. Researchers have not yet evaluated procedures for establishing praise as a generalized conditioned reinforcer, and this may be beneficial as praise will be effective under multiple establishing operations (EOs; Skinner, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there are procedures for conditioning praise as a reinforcer (Axe & Laprime, ; Dozier et al, ; Holth et al, ; Lovaas et al, ; Rodriguez & Gutierrez, ; Vandbakk et al, ) and there are procedures for establishing tokens and vocal stimuli as generalized conditioned reinforcers (Helton & Ivy, ; Moher et al, ; Russell et al, ), there are no published studies on establishing praise as a generalized conditioned reinforcer with children with autism. In addition, although there are supposed benefits of generalized compared with nongeneralized conditioned reinforcement, we found no studies comparing response rates under conditions of pairing with one versus multiple reinforcers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Establishing praise as a conditioned reinforcer: Pairing with one versus multiple reinforcers

Dudley

Axe

Allen

et al. 2019

Behavioral Interventions

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Praise and other forms of attention may not function as reinforcers for the behavior of children with autism. Previous research demonstrated that contingently pairing praise with reinforcers (response stimulus) can establish praise as a conditioned reinforcer. We evaluated a procedure for establishing praise as a generalized conditioned reinforcer (pair praise with four reinforcers) and compared it with a procedure to establish praise as a conditioned reinforcer (pair praise with one reinforcer). We compared the two condi-

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Establishing praise as a conditioned reinforcer: Pairing with one versus multiple reinforcers

Dudley

Axe

Allen

et al. 2019

Behavioral Interventions

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…Previous studies have established verbal statements as reinforcers (i.e., praise statements) by pairing them and known reinforcers for children with various diagnoses (e.g., Axe & Laprime, 2017;Miller & Drennen, 1970; see also Dozier, Iwata, Thomason-Sassi, Worsdell, & Wilson, 2012). Previous studies have established verbal statements as reinforcers (i.e., praise statements) by pairing them and known reinforcers for children with various diagnoses (e.g., Axe & Laprime, 2017;Miller & Drennen, 1970; see also Dozier, Iwata, Thomason-Sassi, Worsdell, & Wilson, 2012).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used a recorded verbal statement as the stimulus paired with an edible primary reinforcer in this experiment. Previous studies have established verbal statements as reinforcers (i.e., praise statements) by pairing them and known reinforcers for children with various diagnoses (e.g., Axe & Laprime, 2017;Miller & Drennen, 1970; see also Dozier, Iwata, Thomason-Sassi, Worsdell, & Wilson, 2012). Finally, we arranged a recorded verbal statement, rather than the experimenter vocally delivering verbal praise statements, to maintain consistency of presentation within and across sessions and phases.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining stimuli paired with alternative reinforcement to mitigate resurgence in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and pigeons

Shvarts

Jimenez‐Gomez

Bai

et al. 2019

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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In two laboratory experiments, we examined whether stimuli paired with alternative reinforcers could mitigate resurgence of a previously reinforced target response with pigeons (Experiment 1) and children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (Experiment 2). In Phase 1, we arranged food reinforcement according to a variable-ratio schedule for engaging in a target response. In Phase 2, we arranged extinction for target responding and differentially reinforced alternative responding according to a fixed-ratio schedule, with every alternative-reinforcer delivery paired with a change in keylight color (Experiment 1) or automated verbal (praise) statement (Experiment 2). In Phase 3, we assessed resurgence during extinction of target and alternative responding in the presence versus absence of continued presentation of the paired stimulus. Despite variation across sessions, resurgence on average was lower when continuing to present the paired stimuli in all pigeons and children while maintenance of alternative responding did not differ between assessments. These findings indicate that stimuli paired with alternative reinforcement can modestly decrease resurgence, but further examination of their efficacy and a better understanding of the underlying processes are necessary before they can be recommended for clinical use in reducing resurgence of clinically relevant problem behavior.

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Assessment and treatment of escape from attention in the form of conversation

Cengher

Clayborne

O’Connor

2020

Behavioral Interventions

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate treatment procedures for problem behavior maintained by escape from attention in the form of conversation for a child diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. After conducting a functional analysis that confirmed this function, we implemented a preference assessment to identify some forms of attention that were not aversive. Treatment consisted of four conditions, implemented in a series of reversals. During each condition, the participant chose from some of the following concurrently available options: three forms of attention, escape from conversation, and escape from conversation with a 2‐min delay. We implemented the delay to reduce (devalue) the reinforcing value of escape from conversation. The participant preferred escape from conversation to social interaction when all four consequences were available immediately. When escape from conversation was possible with a delay, the participant's preference changed to social interaction. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.

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The Effects of Contingent Pairing on Establishing Praise as a Reinforcer with Children with Autism

Cited by 23 publications

References 17 publications

Establishing praise as a conditioned reinforcer: Pairing with one versus multiple reinforcers

Establishing praise as a conditioned reinforcer: Pairing with one versus multiple reinforcers

Examining stimuli paired with alternative reinforcement to mitigate resurgence in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and pigeons

Assessment and treatment of escape from attention in the form of conversation

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