“…Moreover, the lack of a relevant control or comparison group limits the generalizability of these findings, given that previous research has shown the effects of dynamic visualizations for non‐ELs to be inconsistent (e.g., Höffler & Leutner, ; Tversky et al, ). Some studies have reported that a clear representation of motion using dynamic visualizations has distinctive advantages over static visualizations for molecular processes, such as chemical reactions (e.g., Imhof, Scheiter, Edelmann, & Gerjets, ; Özmen, Demircioğlu, & Demircioğlu, ). In other studies, dynamic visualizations were found to be less effective than static equivalents because the overwhelming amount of information being presented in dynamic visualizations can increase the difficulty of identifying relevant information or connecting multiple sources of information to make sense of the content (Ainsworth, ; Hegarty, Kriz, & Cate, ; Lowe, ; Mayer, Hegarty, Mayer, & Campbell, ; Schnotz & Bannert, ).…”