The effects of computers and calculators on male and female statistics achievement

The Comparative Effectiveness of Various Microcomputer-Based Software Packages on Statistical Achievement

“…Hence, in response to suggestions such as these, many educators are now enhancing their students' understanding of statistical formulae and processes through the graphical displays made possible by computers. More specifically, Christmann and Badgett (1997a) found that microcomputers enhanced the statistical problem-solving skills of both males and females, although the males scored significantly higher than the females, while the females' performance was significantly higher when graphing calculators were used as the medium of instruction. Nevertheless, Snell and Peterson (1992) maintain that computer graphics and simulations are highly conducive to students' (a) discovery of patterns and (b) development of insight into statistical concepts.…”

“…Obviously, microcomputer-based statistical software provides students with a tool that enhances academic achievement. However, Christmann et al (1997a) remind educators and researchers that meta-analysis is simply a method of analyzing research; therefore, no meta-analytic study can accurately forecast future developments in statistics achievement. Perhaps, a partial answer to our problems in American education is the integration of computers into college classrooms.…”