The effects of compression upon conduction in myelinated axons of the isolated frog sciatic nerve.

Fern, Robert; Harrison, P J

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1991.sp018379

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, this was dissimilar to that found in animal models of acute nerve compression (Ochoa et al 1971(Ochoa et al , 1972 and during pure deformation of nerve (Fern & Harrison, 1991).…”

Section: Relevance For Clinical Compression Disorderscontrasting

confidence: 52%

“…(Fern & Harrison, 1991, 1994. A preliminary report of some of the findings has been presented (Fern & Harrison, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to deformation, the compressed nerve also becomes ischaemic as blood flow through nutritive vessels is occluded (Gelberman et al 1981(Gelberman et al , 1983Rydevik, Lundborg & Bagge, 1981;Lundborg, Gelberman, Minteer-Convery, Lee & Hargens, 1982;Matsumoto, 1983;Ogata & Naito, 1986). Indeed, ischaemia might be the essential factor in some forms of nerve compression disorders (Sunderland, 1976;Hargens, Romine, Sipe, Evans, Mubarak & Akeson, 1979;Lundborg et al 1982;Powell & Myers, 1986;Kalichman & Myers, 1991 Thus, nerve deformation, provided it is not extreme, has a differential action upon fast myelinated axons, while these large fibres are particular-ly resistant to the effects of ischaemia (Fern & Harrison, 1991, 1994). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The contribution of ischaemia and deformation to the conduction block generated by compression of the cat sciatic nerve

Fern

Harrison²

1994

Experimental Physiology

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SUMMARYThe pattern of conduction block induced in cat peripheral nerve by compression has been investigated electrophysiologically by recording unitary action potentials. A degree of compression, associated with chronic compression disorders in man, was applied to the cat sciatic nerve and resulted in a conduction block typified by early failure of the slow conducting myelinated axons. By contrast, a greater degree of compression, a degree more likely to result in acute compression lesions, produced a different pattern of effect, inducing early conduction failure in the fast conducting myelinated axons. These results are related to earlier studies which have shown that nerve deformation during compression has a differential action upon fast myelinated axons, while nerve ischaemia has a differential action upon slow myelinated axons.

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Section: Relevance For Clinical Compression Disorderscontrasting

confidence: 52%

“…(Fern & Harrison, 1991, 1994. A preliminary report of some of the findings has been presented (Fern & Harrison, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The contribution of ischaemia and deformation to the conduction block generated by compression of the cat sciatic nerve

Fern

Harrison²

1994

Experimental Physiology

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“…These pressures correspond to those that have been measured clinically in the tarsal tunnel [33], carpal tunnel [34] and cubital tunnel [35]. Axonal transport of nutrients is blocked by pressures >50 mm Hg [36], and nerve impulse conduction is blocked after less than an hour of compression >70 mm Hg [37].…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Nerve Entrapmentssupporting

confidence: 79%

The role of peripheral nerve injections in the diagnosis and treatment of CRPS

Mansano¹,

Trescot²

2016

Phys Med Rehabil Res

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“…A change in distribution may indicate a change in disease state or could be used to detect conduction block due to nerve compression. The largest diameter fibers exhibit conduction block due to compression before the smaller diameter fibers [44] and this may prove useful for monitoring the long-term safety of implanted cuff electrodes.…”

Section: Modeling Compound Action Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrically Evoked Compound Action Potential Recording in Peripheral Nerves

2017

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Applications for bioelectric medicine can be found in all parts of the nervous system. The CNS -brain and spinal cord -contain targets for commercial neuromodulation therapies. Peripheral nerves are also modulated with commercially available systems during treatment for chronic pain and epilepsy, and developments are in progress for treating many other diseases. The electrically evoked compound action potential is a measure of the electrical response from the tissue to stimulation. It provides a direct insight into the electrophysiology of the stimulation, and despite its incorporation into cochlear implants it is a technology that is yet to find its way into commercial peripheral nerve stimulation applications. This review outlines the status of evoked compound action potential measurements on peripheral nerves and highlights the challenges which need to be overcome. Recording of the neural activity generated by electrical stimulation forms the basis of a number of diagnostic procedures. It is often performed in an acute setting and the technology has found its way into several active implantable devices. The techniques rely on a stimulus applied to the nerve or tissue to evoke a compound action potential. The stimulus simultaneously and synchronously recruits many fibers and hence the response is referred to as a compound action potential because it is the sum of the many potentials recruited. Summation and synchronous generation increase the amplitude of the response and thus makes detection feasible. Recording the electrical activity of peripheral nerve neurons is common place in a number of diagnostic procedures [1]. Nerve conduction studies are performed to assess the integrity of the nerve and form part of a diagnosis of a range of conditions including Guillain Barre, carpal tunnel syndrome [2], herniated discs, chronic inflammatory polyneuropathies and other nerve disorders including peripheral nerve injury. The direct response from the nerve or the response from a muscle that the nerve innervates is recorded (EMG) in these studies. The nerve conduction velocity is a measure of nerve health -velocities between 50 and 60 ms -1 are considered in the normal range and velocities outside this range could be an indicator of disease. Neural monitoring, measurement of peripherally evoked potentials from the somatosensory cortex, is used to ensure safety during spine surgery [3]. Compound action potential measurement capabilities are built into cochlear implants and are used as objective measures during device setup and programming [4]. Peripheral nerve recordings form the basis of numerous scientific investigations and are used to assess the impact of drugs or to provide baseline calibration of neural activities as part of deeper investigations.Recordings from the nervous system inform clinicians about the health of nerves or their safety during procedures. They inform researchers about mechanisms of action and provide fundamental data for mechanism-based research. Their scope and use is broad but here we will f...

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The effects of compression upon conduction in myelinated axons of the isolated frog sciatic nerve.

Cited by 18 publications

References 13 publications

The contribution of ischaemia and deformation to the conduction block generated by compression of the cat sciatic nerve

The contribution of ischaemia and deformation to the conduction block generated by compression of the cat sciatic nerve

The role of peripheral nerve injections in the diagnosis and treatment of CRPS

Electrically Evoked Compound Action Potential Recording in Peripheral Nerves

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