The Effects of Commercial Pesticide Formulations on the Function of In Vitro and In Vivo Assay Systems: A Comparative Analysis

Esimbekova, Elena N.; Kalyabina, Valeriya P.; Kopylova, Kseniya V.; Lonshakova-Mukina, Victoria I.; Antashkevich, Anna A.; Torgashina, I. G.; Lukyanenko, Kirill A.; Kratasyuk, Valentina A.

doi:10.3390/chemosensors10080328

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 60 publications

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“…For this reason, pesticides have become a factor in food security. However, their use can affect non-target organisms, including humans, due to their indiscriminate and uncontrolled use [ 17 ]. Many health problems have been correlated to pesticide contact [ 18 ] and DNA damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Pesticide Exposure over DNA Damage in Farmers from Los Reyes, Michoacan in Mexico

Valencia-Quintana

Milić

Bonassi

et al. 2023

Toxics

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In the municipality of Los Reyes, Michoacán, in Mexico, several economic activities coexist; however, the most relevant is agriculture. It stands out as an agro-industrial center and commercial enclave in the region, suitable for the cultivation of sugar cane; however, currently fruit growing takes first place with blackberry, raspberry and blueberry, followed by avocado, peach, strawberry and other crops. A large quantity and variety of pesticides are applied to crops, consequently the population is at constant risk. This study aimed to evaluate whether pesticides are a factor in genetic damage to agricultural workers from Los Reyes, Michoacán, using alkaline comet assay. Fifty-nine residents participated (41 workers and 18 controls). Results included confounding factors (alcohol consumption, smoking habit, gender, age, BMI, etc.) indicated a non-significant statistical difference between two groups, with higher DNA damage values in workers that was higher than the values expected in a normal healthy unexposed population. It seems that the control measures, safe handling of pesticides and quality standards, required by the producers so that their products can be exported, have resulted in less damage, despite workers’ activity, but higher damage than the reference values still requires regular surveillance of those exposed. The use of protective equipment or measures can reduce the risk of damage, so it is also necessary to promote their service and comply with labor regulations for agricultural workers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Pesticide Exposure over DNA Damage in Farmers from Los Reyes, Michoacan in Mexico

Valencia-Quintana

Milić

Bonassi

et al. 2023

Toxics

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Trypsin-Based Chemoenzymatic Assay for Detection of Pollutants and Safety Assessment of Food Additives

et al. 2023

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Chemoenzymatic assay systems are widely used to detect toxicants in various samples, including food and environment specimens. These methods are based on the ability of various types of toxicant to specifically inhibit/activate the functions of individual enzymes or enzyme systems. The present study examines the possibility of using the proteolytic enzyme trypsin as a specific marker to detect protease inhibitors in different samples. The study shows that trypsin activity is not affected by various heavy metals, pesticides, or quinones at levels considerably greater than their maximum allowable concentrations (MACs) in water bodies. At the same time, the IC50 value for the food preservative potassium sorbate (E202) is 15 mg/L, which is substantially lower than its acceptable daily intake (ADI). The quenching of trypsin fluorescence in the presence of potassium sorbate suggests that inhibition could occur due to the binding of the preservative to the enzyme in the region adjacent to the active center. The trypsin was immobilized in starch gel to ensure its stability in the enzyme inhibition based assay. Single-use reagents were prepared as dry starch disks that could be stored over long periods. Their sensitivity to copper (II) chloride, potassium sorbate, and chromium (III) chloride was similar to the sensitivity of the free trypsin.

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Enzyme Inhibition-Based Assay to Estimate the Contribution of Formulants to the Effect of Commercial Pesticide Formulations

Esimbekova

Kalyabina

Kopylova

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Pesticides can affect the health of individual organisms and the function of the entire ecosystem. Therefore, thorough assessment of the risks associated with the use of pesticides is a high-priority task. An enzyme inhibition-based assay is used in this study as a convenient and quick tool to study the effects of pesticides at the molecular level. The contribution of formulants to toxicological properties of the pesticide formulations has been studied by analyzing effects of 7 active ingredients of pesticides (AIas) and 10 commercial formulations based on them (AIfs) on the function of a wide range of enzyme assay systems differing in complexity (single-, coupled, and three-enzyme assay systems). Results have been compared with the effects of AIas and AIfs on bioluminescence of the luminous bacterium Photobacterium phosphoreum. Mostly, AIfs produce a considerably stronger inhibitory effect on the activity of enzyme assay systems and bioluminescence of the luminous bacterium than AIas, which confirms the contribution of formulants to toxicological properties of the pesticide formulation. Results of the current study demonstrate that “inert” ingredients are not ecotoxicologically safe and can considerably augment the inhibitory effect of pesticide formulations; therefore, their use should be controlled more strictly. Circular dichroism and fluorescence spectra of the enzymes used for assays do not show any changes in the protein structure in the presence of commercial pesticide formulations during the assay procedure. This finding suggests that pesticides produce the inhibitory effect on enzymes through other mechanisms.

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The Effects of Commercial Pesticide Formulations on the Function of In Vitro and In Vivo Assay Systems: A Comparative Analysis

Cited by 4 publications

References 60 publications

Effect of Pesticide Exposure over DNA Damage in Farmers from Los Reyes, Michoacan in Mexico

Effect of Pesticide Exposure over DNA Damage in Farmers from Los Reyes, Michoacan in Mexico

Trypsin-Based Chemoenzymatic Assay for Detection of Pollutants and Safety Assessment of Food Additives

Enzyme Inhibition-Based Assay to Estimate the Contribution of Formulants to the Effect of Commercial Pesticide Formulations

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