The Effects of Combining Cancer Drugs with Compounds Isolated from Combretum zeyheri Sond. and Combretum platypetalum Welw. ex M.A. Lawson (Combretaceae) on the Viability of Jurkat T Cells and HL-60 Cells

Abstract

Combretum zeyheri and Combretum platypetalum have been shown to have anticancer, antibacterial, antituberculosis, and antifungal effects in both in vivo and in vitro studies. This study sought to evaluate the antiproliferative effects of compounds isolated from C. zeyheri and C. platypetalum on Jurkat T and HL-60 cancer cell lines in combination with doxorubicin and/or chlorambucil. At their GI50 concentrations, the isolated compounds were combined with the corresponding GI50 of chlorambucil and doxorubicin. The cytotoxic effects of the combined compounds were determined on BALB/c mouse peritoneal cells. All the 4 isolated compounds had significant cytotoxic effects on Jurkat T cells. Compounds CP 404 (1), CP 409 (2), CZ 453 (3), and CZ 455 (4) had GI50s on Jurkat T cells of 3.98, 19.33, 6.82, and 20.28 μg/ml, respectively. CP 404 (1), CP 409 (2), CZ 453 (3), and CZ 455 (4) showed GI50s of 14.18, 28.69, 29.87, and 16.46 μg/ml on HL-60 cancer cell lines, respectively. The most potent combination against Jurkat T cells was found to be CP 404 (1) and chlorambucil. This combination showed no cytotoxic effects when tested on BALB/c mouse peritoneal cells. It was concluded that the compounds extracted from C. zeyheri and C. platypetalum inhibit the growth of Jurkat T cells in vitro. The combination of the compounds with anticancer drugs enhanced their anticancer effects. The combination of CP 404 (1) and chlorambucil was found not to be toxic to normal mammalian cells. Therefore, CP 404 (1), 3-O-β-L-rrhamnopyranosyl-5,7,3 ′ 4 ′ ,5 ′ -pentahydroxyflavone, has the potential to be a source of lead compounds that can be developed for anticancer therapy. Further structure-activity relationship studies on this compound are warranted.

Untargeted GC–MS metabolomics to identify and classify bioactive compounds in Combretum platypetalum subsp. oatesii (Rolfe) Exell (Combretaceae)

“…These account for the so far observed antioxidant, 4,9 antimycobacterial, 5 anti-inflammatory, 10 cytotoxic, 8 PG synthesis inhibitory, 6 and enhanced anticancer (synergistic cytotoxicity) 7 biological activities reported for the leaf extracts of C. platypetalum and the traditional use of the plant. Table 1 shows the different compounds and the part of the plant where they are distributed, while their structures are presented in Figure S1.…”

“…It is important to note that the plant part(s) employed in traditional practice is not explicitly mentioned in the literature. [3][4][5][6] However, two compounds (Figure S1A) 7 have been isolated from the leaves thus far, and biological (scientific) investigations [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] have been confined to the leaves of the plant only. There is no clear knowledge of the possible compounds responsible for the observed activities.…”

The secretory scales and medicinal properties of combretum erythrophyllum.

“…5.7). This a novel technique deployed on C. erythrophyllum, however similar results were noted within species such as: Combretum apiculatum, Combretum zeyteri, Combretum platypetalum, Combretum leprosum and Combretum fragans (Silva et al, 2020;Gade et al, 2020Wende et al, 2021).…”

“…Species such as C. fruticosum, C. erythrophyllum, C.quadrangulare, C. fragrans, C. leprosum, C. apiculatum, C. paniculatum and C. woodii etc. have been extensively researched for their potential cytotoxic activity (Wende et al, 2021;Gade et al, 2021;.…”

“…(Wende et al, 2021;Gade et al, 2021;. Wende et al (2021) evaluated the integrated use of conventional cancer drugs with compounds isolated from C. zeyheri and C. platypetalum against Jurkat T Cells and HL-60 Cells. As a result, the above integration facilitated the inhibition of the growth of the cells significantly.…”