The effects of combined training on bone metabolic markers in postmenopausal women

Pereira, Ana; Costa, Aldo M.; Palmeira‐de‐Oliveira, Ana; Soares, Jorge Pinto; Monteiro, Maria do Loreto; Williams, John

doi:10.1016/j.scispo.2016.03.003

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…For example, Botero and colleagues showed that with three RT sessions per week over 12 months, the BP and leg press performance could be increased [47]. The strength increases in our study are comparable to the effects reported in previous research [48,49]. In comparison, Karaslaan and colleagues showed a stronger effect with 4 training sessions/week for 12 weeks with machine-assisted training [50].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Free weight resistance training alters body composition in middle-aged women depending on menopause - A 20-week control trial study

Isenmann,

Kaluza,

Havers

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Resistance training (RT) is effective in counteracting the age- and menopause-related loss of muscle mass (MM) and strength in middle-aged women (40-60 years). Research on RT with free weights in this population is limited in pre- and postmenopausal women. Based on this, a 20-week training intervention was conducted with middle-aged women to investigate the effects of systematic strength training with free weights on strength capacity and body composition. Method: Forty-one healthy women (52.0±3.6 years) participated in this study. A 10-week control phase (no strength training, T0-T1) was followed by a 10-week intervention phase (T1-T2) with RT twice a week and 6-8 sets of each muscle per week. Subjects were randomly assigned to a low-intensity (50% 1-RM) or moderate-intensity (75% 1-RM) RT group and divided into pre-menopausal (PreMeno) and post-menopausal (PostMeno) according to their hormone profile. Fat-free mass (FFM), MM, fat mass (FM), muscle thickness (Vastus lateralis (VL), Rectus femoris (RF), Triceps brachii (TB), grip strength, 1-RM squat and bench press were assessed before and after each phase. Statistical analysis was used a linear mixed model to account for fixed (time and group) and random effects (individual). Results: A total of 31 women successfully completed the study. No injuries occurred during the intervention. Significant increases in 1-RM were observed in all groups. No interaction effect was observed for the strength parameters. In premenopausal women, FFM, MM and RF muscle thickness increased significantly, while VL showed a trend. These effects were not present in postmenopausal women regardless of RT intensity. Conclusion: RT with free weight is safe and effective for middle-aged women to increase 1-RM. Hypertrophy effects were found exclusively in premenopausal women. To achieve hypertrophy and/or body composition changes in postmenopausal women, larger training volumes (>6-8 sets/muscle per week) are likely required.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Free weight resistance training alters body composition in middle-aged women depending on menopause - A 20-week control trial study

Isenmann,

Kaluza,

Havers

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Weight training and weight-bearing training, such as running and walking, have been practiced to improve bone metabolism in aging [43]; moreover, other recent studies have shown that non-weight-bearing exercises such as swimming are just as valid to improve bone metabolism, focusing on BMD and bone microstructure, also in OVX rats [44,45]. It has been investigated that also high-intensity resistance and endurance exercise are able to improve bone metabolism [46,47]. Other studies, in vivo and in vitro, showed that a 16-week strength program could improve bone biomechanical characteristics via induction of osteoblast differentiation during senescent [32].…”

Section: Impact Of Different Types Of Exercise On Bone Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity and Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Aging Decay: Modulation of Pathways in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

et al. 2022

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Background and Objectives: Bones and the skeletal muscle play a key role in human physiology as regulators of metabolism in the whole organism. Bone tissue is identified as a complex and dynamic living unit that could react to physical activity. Hormones, growth factors, signaling factors, and environmental factors control osteogenesis, and it could be regulated at a post-transcriptional level. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can interfere with mRNAs translation. Increasing data suggest that miRNAs, through different pathways, are involved in the regulation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) differentiation and physical activity-induced bone remodeling. The purpose of this narrative review is to investigate the potential protective role played by physical activity in affecting miRNAs expression in close tissues and elaborate on the complex network of interplay that could drive various metabolic responses of the bone to physical activity. Materials and Methods: A bibliographic search of the scientific literature was carried out in scientific databases to investigate the possible effect of physical activity on age-related features detected in the musculoskeletal system. Results: Several studies suggested that the musculoskeletal system interacting at a biomolecular level could establish crosstalk between bone and muscle in an endocrine or paracrine way through myokines released by muscle at the periosteal interface or in the bloodstream, such as irisin. Mechanical stimuli have a key role in bone formation and resorption, increasing osteogenesis and downregulating adipogenesis of BMSC via regulation of expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), respectively. Conclusions: Increasing data suggest that miRNAs, through different pathways, are involved in the regulation of BMSCs differentiation and physical activity-induced bone remodeling. Modulation of miRNAs following physical exercise represents an interesting field of investigation since these non-coding RNAs may be considered defenders against degenerative diseases and as well as useful prognostic markers in skeletal and muscle-skeletal diseases, such as osteoporosis.

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“…Although the association between exercise training, bone loss, and falls prevention in older adults appear to be established in intervention studies, 14 only a few studies have examined the effects of combined training on musculoskeletal health in postmenopausal women, [15][16][17] and the results are varied. Therefore, there is still a need for safe, reliable, affordable, and evidence-based training programs that can be introduced, embraced, and sustained in high-risk populations, such as postmenopausal women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A feasibility study of training in a local community aimed upon health promotion with special emphasis on musculoskeletal health effects

et al. 2022

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Background: To minimize fracture risk, multimodal training regimens are recommended. However, their effectiveness in community settings remains uncertain. This study evaluated the feasibility of 19-weeks of multimodal training in a local community center with emphasis on musculoskeletal health in postmenopausal women. Methods: In a controlled trial, 28 postmenopausal women (53-68-years-old) were assigned to a multimodal training group (MMT, n=15) or a control group (CON, n=13). The training consisted of high- and odd-impact, resistance and balance-coordination training 1-2 hours weekly. The outcomes were attendance rate, regional and total bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), bone turnover markers (BTM), body composition, functional muscle strength and power, and dynamic balance. All were determined at baseline and after 19 weeks of training. BTM was assessed after three weeks. Results: Overall, 22(79%) participants (MMT, n=9; CON, n=13) completed the study, and the mean attendance rate for MMT was 65.5% of the maximum sessions (2) offered. Only right trochanter BMD increased (p<0.05) by 1.0±1.1% in MMT, which was higher(p<0.05) than CON. While whole-body BMC was not changed at 19 weeks from baseline in MMT, it decreased (p<0.05) in CON resulting in a significant difference (p<0.05) in whole-body BMC delta values between the two groups. Compared to baseline, body fat percentage(%BF), fat mass(FM), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT)-mass and -volume were decreased (p<0.01) in MMT, and were larger (p<0.05) than CON. No significant changes were observed in BTM, muscle strength and power, and dynamic balance after 19 weeks. Conclusions: Nineteen weeks of multimodal training 1-2 hours per week in a local community had a health-enhancing effect on %BF, FM, and VAT, whereas the musculoskeletal health impact was modest. We hypothesize that the reason might be too low training volume and frequency and supposedly too low musculoskeletal training intensity for some participants. Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05164679 (21/12/2021).

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The effects of combined training on bone metabolic markers in postmenopausal women

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Free weight resistance training alters body composition in middle-aged women depending on menopause - A 20-week control trial study

Free weight resistance training alters body composition in middle-aged women depending on menopause - A 20-week control trial study

Physical Activity and Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Aging Decay: Modulation of Pathways in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

A feasibility study of training in a local community aimed upon health promotion with special emphasis on musculoskeletal health effects

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