The effects of coal and diesel particulates on the weathering loss of two major building stones in the United Kingdom—A comparative microcatchment study

Searle, David E.; Mitchell, David J.; Halsey, David P.; Dews, S.J.; Smith, J. P.

doi:10.1016/b978-044450517-0/50122-7

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The environmental assessment of the urban surrounds where heritage buildings are located is one preventive measure for façade conservation (Fort et al, 2004;Ghedini et al, 2011;Sablier and Garrigues, 2014). The perception of façade soiling has been evaluated with non-destructive techniques: applying greyscale in photographic images to decipher the rates of re-soiling associated with cleaning/soiling cycles (Searle et al, 2000), monitoring the progressive decline in lightness (L*) values over time (Grossi et al, 2003), quantifying soiling with integrated digital photography and image processing (Thornbush and Viles, 2004;Thornbush, 2010;Janvier-Badosa et al, 2013), or assigning lightness (L*) perception based on a soiling index (Thornbush, 2014). Visual impact resulting from façade aesthetic decay entails establishing aesthetic tolerance thresholds in terms of human sensibility to colour patterns (Grossi and Brimblecombe, 2008;Grossi et al, 2003;Grossi and Brimblecombe, 2004), estimating when (Marie, 2013) or exactly where on façades cleaning operations are needed (Swann, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring façade soiling as a maintenance strategy for the sensitive built heritage

Pérez-Monserrat

Fort

Varas–Muriel

2018

International Journal of Architectural Heritage

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The colour patterns generally found on the façades of architecturally sensitive buildings have an adverse impact on their aesthetics, to the detriment of their identity and potential economic value. A quantitative and qualitative study was conducted of the perception of aesthetic decay in the limestone on a heritage building. The study assessed building aesthetics between two façade cleaning operations, conducted in 1984-1986 and 2006-2008. Based on the calculation of the final or total soiling index, by means of in situ lightness measurement and three architectural design variables, the colour distribution of the façades was quantified in 2006 and a model was developed to monitor façade soiling over time. The proposed model, a tool for planning preventive façade maintenance on architecturally sensitive buildings, advocates for sustainable cleaning operations. Its premise that periodic cleaning should only be conducted in areas where the limestone is affected by aesthetic decay redounds to minimised intervention and lower building management costs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring façade soiling as a maintenance strategy for the sensitive built heritage

Pérez-Monserrat

Fort

Varas–Muriel

2018

International Journal of Architectural Heritage

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“…Beginning in the 1970s, European policy aimed to lower SO 2 emissions [5] and the consumption of (particularly sulfur-high) coal. Vehicle emissions have since become the main source of airborne pollution [6], essentially nitrogen oxides and particulates, that are enough to trigger building materials decay [7]. Strategies designed to conserve the cultural heritage should be preceded by an understanding of air quality trends and the composition of background urban aerosols, which entails systematic monitoring of the environmental conditions prevailing around heritage buildings [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black Layers of Decay and Color Patterns on Heritage Limestone as Markers of Environmental Change

et al. 2016

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Air pollution induces the development of black crusts on the surface of built heritage materials. Black layers on the limestone used on an emblematic Madrilenian building dating from the early twentieth century, mainly built up in the 20 years lapsing between two façade cleaning operations, was studied with POM and SEM-EDS. Particulate matter deposited on surfaces in the same period was analyzed with XRD and IC. Climate change in the environs was also studied and façade coloring patterns were compared. Since black crust and settled dust composition, as well as façade soling intensity, were found to be closely related to the surrounding environment, both are proposed as environment and climate change markers. These are considerations, moreover, that must be addressed when designing conservation strategies. Domestic heating systems and vehicle traffic were identified as the two main sources of pollution throughout the period studied in the target area, where the temperature steadily rose and relative humidity declined. The progressive replacement of coal with gas oil in domestic heating boilers and the proliferation of vehicles with diesel engines have mostly determined the evolution of the pollutants emitted. The color of façade soiling, in turn, has been primarily conditioned by the typology of the particles deposited on the limestone surface, declining humidity and the passage of time.

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Chemical Parameters and Development of Biodeteriogens

Appolonia¹,

Ranalli

Sabbioni

et al. 2003

Cultural Heritage and Aerobiology

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The effects of coal and diesel particulates on the weathering loss of two major building stones in the United Kingdom—A comparative microcatchment study

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Monitoring façade soiling as a maintenance strategy for the sensitive built heritage

Monitoring façade soiling as a maintenance strategy for the sensitive built heritage

Black Layers of Decay and Color Patterns on Heritage Limestone as Markers of Environmental Change

Chemical Parameters and Development of Biodeteriogens

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