The effects of clothing thermal resistance and operative temperature on human skin temperature

Liu, Yanfeng; Wang, Limin; Di, Yuhui; Liu, Jiaping; Zhou, Hao

doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2013.03.001

Cited by 34 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Furthermore, average blood pressure has been shown to decline during exposure to a specific range of high temperatures, likely due to arteriolar vasodilation and reduction in peripheral resistance . Skin blood vessels dilate during exposure to increased temperatures and more blood is pumped from the internal organs to the skin, thus increasing the heart rate and skin temperature . Furthermore, body temperature (skin and oral) increased with increasing air temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Productivity and physiological responses during exposure to varying air temperatures and clothing conditions

Maeda

2019

Indoor Air

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This study assessed the effects of clothing and air temperature combinations on workplace productivity and physiological response. Ten male Japanese subjects were exposed to six combinations of clothing (0.3 clo and 0.9 clo) and air temperature (16°C, 26°C, and 36°C) during which cognitive performance (Bourdon and calculation tests), manual motor performance (finger‐tapping test), and physiological responses (heart rate, blood pressure, and skin and oral temperatures) were measured. Both cold exposure and lower clothing levels likely increased the Bourdon test performance. Calculation test performance tended to be affected by exposure to cold or neutral temperatures at the beginning of the test. Cold exposure undermined manual motor performance (especially when combined with fewer clothing items) while heat exposure significantly increased heart rate. Both cold exposure and higher clothing level during heat exposure increased blood pressure. Body temperature, particularly mean skin temperature, increased with higher air temperature and was significantly influenced by clothing insulation during cold exposure. These results provide novel evidence for the effects of clothing and air temperature (particularly cold) on human productivity and physiological responses in humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Productivity and physiological responses during exposure to varying air temperatures and clothing conditions

Maeda

2019

Indoor Air

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“…Since thermal sensation correlates with thermophysiological characteristics such as the body core temperature, skin temperature and sweating [57], the measurement of either the skin temperature or the body core temperature enables the determination of the contemporary thermal sensation [58,59]. Skin temperature depends on clothing insulation and operative temperature [60] and can be measured at exposed locations using contactless infrared sensors. [19,20,58,[61][62][63][64][65] showed that the global thermal comfort of a person is affected by the local thermal comfort of individual body parts.…”

Section: Determination Of Thermal Comfortmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The skin temperature varies between different body parts and depends on several influencing factors such as metabolic activity and clothing insulation. The distribution of the skin temperature has been investigated by Arens and Zhang [58], Liu et al [60], Clark et al [144], Nielsen and Nielsen [145]. There are temperature differences up to 1.1 K in the face between forehead (highest temperature), chin, and cheek (lowest temperature) [146].…”

Section: Innovative Control System For Personalized Thermal Comfort Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal Climatization Systems—A Review on Existing and Upcoming Concepts

et al. 2018

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To accomplish the current climate goals of the federal republic of Germany, energy efficiency within the building and automotive sector must improve considerably. One possible way to reduce the high amount of energy required for heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) is the introduction of personal climatization systems in combination with the extension of the standardized room air temperature range. Personal systems allow improvements of climatic conditions (heating, cooling, and air quality) within sub-areas of the room instead of conditioning an entire room air volume. In this regard, personal systems are perfectly suitable for locations with local air-conditioning focal points, such as open-plan offices and vehicle cabins, where they substantially improve the energy efficiency of the entire system. This work aims to summarize previously conducted research in the area of personal climatization systems. The investigated local thermal actuators comprise fans for the generation of air movement, ventilators for the improvement of the air quality within the respiratory area of persons, water-conditioned panels for the climatization of persons via longwave radiation and conduction, radiant heaters, and combinations of the systems. Personal systems are superior to mixing ventilation regarding the improvement of the perceived air quality and thermal comfort. Furthermore, the introduced overview shows that personal climatization systems are generally more energy-efficient than conventional air-conditioning and facilitates the extension of the indoor air temperature corridor of the HVAC. Table fans and climatized seats are highly effective in connection with the improvement of personal thermal comfort. The performance of the overwhelming majority of applied personal environmental control systems is user-controlled or depends on a predefined load profile, which is generally defined person independent. Single studies reveal that effectively controlled automated systems have a similar thermal impact on a user’s thermal comfort as user-controlled ones. The implementation of an automated control system is feasible by using novel approaches such as the so-called human-centered closed loop control-platform (HCCLC-platform). The latter contains a central data server which allows asynchronous, bi-directional communication between multi-modal sensor data, user feedback systems, thermal actuators and numerical calculation models used to assess the individual thermal comfort of a person. This enables a continuous and holistic reflection of the thermal situation inside a room and the estimation of the corresponding impact on an individual’s thermal comfort. Considering the measured and simulated thermal state of a single person, the described system is capable of determining body-part-specific energy requirements that are needed to keep the overall thermal comfort level of an individual person on a high level.

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“…Skin temperature and heat flux were widely tested to reveal thermal sensation [18][19][20]. If the skin temperature and the heat flux were measured, the thermal resistance could be calculated by eq.…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A revised method to predict skin’s thermal resistance

Wang

Ding

et al. 2018

THERM SCI

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Human body can adjust heat loss by vasoconstriction, vasodilatation, and other methods. The purpose of this research is to investigate whether the thermal resistance of skin reflects vasoconstriction and vasodilatation. For this aim, the ambient temperature was controlled as 18.1, 21.6, 24.9, 27, and 30.5 °C, respectively. In each temperature, the skin temperature and heat flux in the forearm were recorded. Based on tested data, the thermal resistance was calculated by a common method. The results showed that the thermal resistance at low temperature was less than that at high temperature, which was contrary to the rule of vasoconstriction and vasodilatation. So a new formula for thermal resistance was presented based on skin diffusion, sweat evaporation, and mass transformation. The results showed that the new method could predict vasoconstriction and vasodilatation. The revised equation is a useful index for physiological thermoregulation.

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The effects of clothing thermal resistance and operative temperature on human skin temperature

Cited by 34 publications

References 20 publications

Productivity and physiological responses during exposure to varying air temperatures and clothing conditions

Productivity and physiological responses during exposure to varying air temperatures and clothing conditions

Personal Climatization Systems—A Review on Existing and Upcoming Concepts

A revised method to predict skin’s thermal resistance

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