The effects of clean indoor air laws: what do we know and what do we need to know?

Levy, David T.; Friend, Karen B.

doi:10.1093/her/cyf045

Cited by 89 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…As bounds, we consider 25% below and 25% above the effect size for work site laws based on Fichtenberg and Glantz (2002a). We increase the range to 50% above and below the effect size for restaurant and pubic place laws, where the evidence is weaker (Levy and Friend 2003).…”

Section: Policy Modulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of public policies in reducing smoking prevalence in California: Results from the California Tobacco Policy Simulation Model

et al. 2007

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SummaryTobacco control policies are examined utilizing a simulation model for California, the state with the longest running comprehensive program. We assess the impact of the California Tobacco Control Program (CTCP) and surrounding price changes on smoking prevalence and smoking-attributable deaths. Modeling begins in 1988 and progresses chronologically to 2004, and considers four types of policies (taxes, mass media, clean air laws, and youth access policies) independently and as a package.The model is validated against existing smoking prevalence estimates. The difference in trends between predicted smoking rates from the model and other commonly used estimates of smoking prevalence for the overall period were generally small. The model also predicted some important changes in trend, which occurred with changes in policy.The California SimSmoke model estimates that tobacco control policies reduced smoking rates in California by an additional 25% relative to the level that they would have been if policies were kept at their 1988 level. By 2004, the model attributes over 60% of the reduction to price increases, over 25% of the overall effect to media policies, 10% to clean air laws, and only a small percent to youth access policies. The model estimates that over 5,000 lives will be saved in the year 2010 alone as a result of the CTCP and industry-initiated price increases, and that over 50,000 lives were saved over the period 1988-2010. Tobacco control policies implemented as comprehensive tobacco control strategies have significantly impacted smoking rates. Further tax increases should lead to additional lives saved, and additional

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Section: Policy Modulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of public policies in reducing smoking prevalence in California: Results from the California Tobacco Policy Simulation Model

et al. 2007

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“…26 A recent review has suggested that, among other effects, smoking bans result in the reduction in the quantity of cigarettes smoked by continuing smokers, depending on the length of time after the ban. 27 Although this study was not able to establish the time since the initiation of ND smoking behaviour in the studied population, but considering that ND smoking may be maintained for an extended period of time 10 and that occasional smoking, in turn, has been associated with significantly increased mortality, 7 there is a need for health practitioners to also advise ND smokers to quit smoking. This is particularly because the study findings suggest that the majority of ND smokers may be those already motivated to quit smoking, or at least reduce the harm to their health caused by smoking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Epidemiological profile of non-daily smokers in South Africa: implications for practice

Ayo‐Yusuf

Szymanski

2009

South African Family Practice

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Background: This study sought to provide an epidemiological profile of non-daily (ND) smokers in South Africa.Methods: Using data obtained from the 1998 South African demographic and health survey (SADHS) -the largest nationally representative dataset available -smokers were classified as non-daily (ND) smokers or daily smokers. NDS were defined as persons aged 18 and over who had ever smoked 100 cigarettes, but did not currently smoke daily.Results: In 1998, an estimated 10% of current smokers were ND smokers (n = 255). Of the ND smokers, 69.7% had smoked daily in the past and currently smoked significantly fewer cigarettes per day (CPD) than current daily smokers (5.4 vs. 9.8). ND smokers were also significantly more likely to have made at least one attempt to quit smoking, live in smoke-free homes, have more than 12 years of schooling and live in urban areas. Compared to past daily ND smokers, those ND smokers who had never smoked daily smoked fewer CPD and were more likely to be younger than 25 years old. Conclusions:The findings of this study suggest that the majority of ND smokers in South Africa are those trying to quit smoking rather than those initiating smoking. Smoking rates among ND smokers are still at a level that has been shown to pose significant health risks, therefore health practitioners should also prioritise non-daily smokers for interventions regarding smoking cessation.This article has been peer reviewed.

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“…Thus, partial restrictions do little more to reduce the likelihood of youth smoking daily than having no restriction. Strict laws would limit smoking by reducing opportunities to smoke among youth and by infl uencing attitudes and social norms of smoking ( Levy & Friend, 2003 ). Siegel et al (2005) proposed that strong local restaurant smoking regulations had an effect on social acceptability among youth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, to protect nonsmokers from exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, clean indoor air legislation restricts smoking to designated areas ( USDHHS, 2000 ). Levy and Friend (2003) suggest that because clean indoor air laws reduce the opportunity to smoke, comprehensive public indoor air legislation has the potential to reduce population prevalence of cigarette smoking by about 10%. mechanisms of these effects are poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco control policy and adolescent cigarette smoking status in the United States

Botello-Harbaum¹,

Haynie²,

Iannotti³

et al. 2009

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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Introduction: Tobacco policies that limit the sale of cigarettes to minors and restrict smoking in public places are important strategies to deter youth from accessing and consuming cigarettes. Methods:We examined the relationship of youth cigarette smoking status to state-level youth access and clean indoor air laws, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and cigarette price. Data were analyzed from the 2001 to 2002 U.S. Health Behavior in School-Aged Children survey, a crosssectional survey conducted with a nationally representative sample of 13,339 students in the United States. Results:Compared with students living in states with strict regulations, those living in states with no or minimal restrictions, particularly high school students, were more likely to be daily smokers. These effects were somewhat reduced when logistic regressions were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and cigarette price, suggesting that higher cigarette prices may discourage youth to access and consume cigarettes independent of other tobacco control measures.Discussion: Strict tobacco control legislation could decrease the potential of youth experimenting with cigarettes or becoming daily smokers. The fi ndings are consistent with the hypothesis that smoking policies, particularly clean indoor air provisions, reduce smoking prevalence among high school students.

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The effects of clean indoor air laws: what do we know and what do we need to know?

Cited by 89 publications

References 71 publications

The role of public policies in reducing smoking prevalence in California: Results from the California Tobacco Policy Simulation Model

The role of public policies in reducing smoking prevalence in California: Results from the California Tobacco Policy Simulation Model

Epidemiological profile of non-daily smokers in South Africa: implications for practice

Tobacco control policy and adolescent cigarette smoking status in the United States

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