The effects of catalysts in biodiesel production: A review

Atadashi, I.M.; Aroua, Mohamed Kheireddine; Aziz, Abdul; Sulaiman, Nik Meriam Nik

doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2012.07.009

Cited by 502 publications

(279 citation statements)

References 151 publications

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“…Generally, a value up to 2 mg KOH ·g -1 is suitable to use a basic catalyst [27]. The acid value of the oil used in this work is 1.19 mg KOH ·g -1 , therefore potassium methoxide was used as a catalyst in transesterification reaction; as far as basic catalysts are preferable in the case of oils with low acid value [26] and methoxides are more active than hydroxides [6]. In this work were studied the effects of the most important variables in the transesterification of castor oil under subcritical methanol conditions.…”

Section: A Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biodiesel Production from Castor Oil under Subcritical Methanol Conditions

Sánchez‍¹,

Martín²,

Martínez³

et al. 2015

IJESD

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Abstract-Biodiesel is a potentially sustainably renewable fuel for diesel engines; transesterification is the most used method to produce it and high quality vegetable oils are the most usual raw material. Non-edible vegetable oils such as castor oil can provide an alternative feedstock. In this work biodiesel was obtained by transesterification of castor oil with subcritical methanol; the reaction was carried out in an hermetic reactor at temperatures higher than methanol boiling point and with a small amount of potassium methoxide as catalyst. The effect of methanol:oil molar ratios were analyzed, observing that high proportion of alcohol is needed to reach high ester content, the best results were reached with 24:1 MeOH:oil molar ratio. Regarding catalyst concentration, 8.7 mM (0.12 wt%) were enough to achieve good results. A temperature of 150 º C and 1 h of reaction, at 10 bar, were the mildest conditions to reach an ester content higher than 90 wt %. The highest ester content, 94.7 wt %, was achieved at 220 º C, 36 bar and 4 h of reaction time. Hence good quality biodiesel from castor oil can be produced in subcritical methanol conditions, using a small amount of basic catalyst.

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Section: A Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most suitable ones are methoxides due to their ability to dissociate into the methoxide and the metal ion without the production of water during transesterification reaction [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel Production from Castor Oil under Subcritical Methanol Conditions

Sánchez‍¹,

Martín²,

Martínez³

et al. 2015

IJESD

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“…In that process, the high viscosity of triglycerides will be reduced and transferred into Methyl Ester and Glycerol using catalysts [17]. Although transesterification reaction is an economic method and environmental friendly, it relatively consumes high energy and saponification can occur [18][19][20]. A Long time ago, researchers investigated the use of heat with or without catalyst, in the absence of oxygen to produce petroleum form vegetable oil which is called pyrolysis process [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofuel Production from Used Cooking Oil Using Pyrolysis Process

Mohamed¹

2017

IJRASET

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This paper aims to evaluate the production of biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) using the Pyrolysis process with catalysts. The test rig used in the present study is designed and built in the lab specifically for this purpose. To investigate the effect of adding different types of catalysts with different concentrations on the quantity of hydrolyzed biodiesel. Noah and KOH catalysts with concentration of 0.5%, 1%, 3% and 10% by weight are used. Moreover, the effect of catalyst type on the energy consumption during the pyrolysis process is considered. The experimental results showed that the biodiesel produced by pyrolysis process form the Waste Cooking Oil has significant potential as an alternative source of biodiesel fuel. The addition of Noah catalyst with 1% concentration by weight provided the highest amount of hydrolyzed biodiesel and lowest energy consumption compared to adding KOH catalyst and without catalyst. Additionally, the experiments showed that the amount of biodiesel produced from the pyrolysis process is inversely proportional to the catalyst concentration.

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“…Soap formation has been reported among the negative effects, followed by deactivation of the catalyst [10,22,23]. As a result, developing a high activity heterogeneous catalyst despite the FFA content and water content has become a challenge [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel from rapeseed oil (Brassica napus) by supported Li2O and MgO

Solis

Berkemar

Alejo

et al. 2016

Int J Energy Environ Eng

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Vegetable oils are a vast triglyceride source for biodiesel production; i.e. fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), with methanol and a catalyst via transesterification reaction. The aim of this work was to study heterogeneously catalysed biodiesel production with solid oxides such as mayenite (Ca 12 Al 14 O 33 ) and alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) as catalyst carriers using edible rapeseed oil as feedstock. These oxides were impregnated to have Li 2 O and MgO concentrations of 5-10 and 5-30 wt% on each carrier, respectively. The catalysts were characterized using N 2 -physisorption (BET/BJH), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The synthesized catalysts were mesoporous ranging from 119 to 401 Å and their chemical phase composition was confirmed by the XRD. The catalyst coating (MgO/Li 2 O) was studied, along with the catalyst amount in the reactor and the assessment of the transesterification reaction kinetics. The reaction was studied at 60°C, atmospheric pressure, agitation rate of 180 rpm, and a reaction time of 2 h in a 6:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil. For each catalyst, loadings of 2.5, 5, and 10 wt% relative to the oil weight were evaluated. The highest biodiesel yield was obtained by 5 wt% (relative to oil weight) impregnated mayenite catalyst coated with 10 wt% of Li 2 O. The kinetic data fits to a pseudo-first-order model having a reaction rate constant equal to 0.045 min -1 under these mild reaction conditions.

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The effects of catalysts in biodiesel production: A review

Cited by 502 publications

References 151 publications

Biodiesel Production from Castor Oil under Subcritical Methanol Conditions

Biodiesel Production from Castor Oil under Subcritical Methanol Conditions

Biofuel Production from Used Cooking Oil Using Pyrolysis Process

Biodiesel from rapeseed oil (Brassica napus) by supported Li2O and MgO

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