The effects of carvacrol on development and gene expression profiles in Spodoptera frugiperda

Insecticidal activity and underlying molecular mechanisms of a phytochemical plumbagin against Spodoptera frugiperda

“…Notably, the six upregulated P450s (Sfru004887, Sfru020044, Sfru009692, Sfru004769, Sfru011158 and Sfru011561) are mainly concentrated in the CYP6 family and CYP301 family, which are also induced by phytochemicals in other insects, such as H. armigera and Aphis gossypii, and are associated with plant allelochemical detoxification in insects (Vandenhole et al, 2021). The expression level of one CYP301A1 gene (Sfru020044) were upregulated by 1.55-and 2.97 in RNA-seq and qPCR data, respectively, which was also induced by the phenolic monoterpenoid carvacrol in S. frugiperda larvae (Liu et al, 2023). Interestingly, all of five DEGs for the detoxification enzyme ABC transporters (Sfru016345, Sfru007970, Sfru007513, Sfru007645 and Sfru007518) and all of two DEGs for sodium channel protein (XLOC_025616 and Sfru014814), one type of the insecticide targets, were upregulated in plumbagin-treated larvae, highlighting their potential roles in S. frugiperda larvae in response to plumbagin exposure.…”

“…The inconsistency between RNA-seq data at the transcriptional level and enzyme assay results at the protein level are also reported in previous studies. For example, toosendanin exposure inhibited the expression of most DEGs encoding lipases, while it increased lipase enzyme activity in S. frugiperda larvae to overcome the adverse effects of the xenobiotic toosendanin (Lin et al, 2023). Notably, the six upregulated P450s (Sfru004887, Sfru020044, Sfru009692, Sfru004769, Sfru011158 and Sfru011561) are mainly concentrated in the CYP6 family and CYP301 family, which are also induced by phytochemicals in other insects, such as H. armigera and Aphis gossypii, and are associated with plant allelochemical detoxification in insects (Vandenhole et al, 2021).…”

“…Recently, rapid and remarkable developments in sequencing technology and increasing numbers of complete insect genomes have opened up new avenues for exploring global transcriptome changes reflecting the physiological state of insect pests to plant metabolites exposures, unveiling previously unknown mechanisms and mining functional genes (Lin et al, 2023;Li et al, 2023). Huang et al (2018) used RNA-Seq and qPCR to characterize the expression levels of detoxification genes, especially P450 genes in Sitophilus zeamais responding to terpinen-4-ol, the main constituent of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil.…”

“…Gene ontology enrichment of DEGs revealed that overall upregulation of DEGs encoding cytochrome P450s and cuticular proteins was the primary response characteristic in larvae upon exposure to linalool. The effects of several plant metabolites such as carvacrol (Liu et al, 2023), toosendanin (Lin et al, 2023), camptothecin (Shu et al, 2021a;Shu et al, 2021b), azadirachtin (Shu et al, 2021c), and chlorogenic acid (Lin et al, 2023) on gene expression profiles and enzyme activities in S. frugiperda larvae have recently been studied using RNA-seq and enzyme activity assays in order to elucidate the response mechanism. These findings indicated that these metabolites influenced the normal physiological activities of S. frugiperda at multiple levels.…”