The Effects of Carbon Black and Calcium Carbonate as a Filler on Cure Characteristic and Physical Properties of SBR/CRr Blends

Abstract

Filler are compounding ingredients added to a rubber compound for the purpose of iether reinforcing or cheapening the compound. Despite that, fillers can also be used to modify the physical properties of both unvulcanized and vulcanized rubbers. Typically filler materials include carbon black, calcium silicate, calcium carbonate and clay [. The mechanism of reinforcement of elastomers by fillers has been reviewed by several workers. They considered that the effect of filler is to increase the number of chains, which share the load of a broken polymer chain. It is known that in the case of filled vulcanizates, the efficiency of reinforcement depends on a complex interaction of several filler related parameters. They include particle size, particle shape, particle dispersion, surface area, surface reactivity, structure of the filler and the bonding quality between the filler and the rubber matrix [.

Repurposing Waste Tires as Tunable Frameworks for Use in Sodium-Ion and Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

“…ZnS exhibits either cubic or hexagonal symmetry. CaCO 3 is widely used in tire manufacturing and the rubber/polymer industry as a particulate filler. , ZnO is used an activator during sulfur vulcanization in tires. Byproducts from this are the ZnS phases due to the reaction between ZnO and sulfur. ,, At higher temperatures and in the presence of moisture, CaCO 3 can also yield Ca­(OH) 2 (via reaction of CaCO 3(s) + ΔH → CaO (s) + CO 2(g) followed by CaO (s) + H 2 O (l) → Ca­(OH) 2(s) + ΔH).…”

“…CaCO 3 is widely used in tire manufacturing and the rubber/polymer industry as a particulate filler. , ZnO is used an activator during sulfur vulcanization in tires. Byproducts from this are the ZnS phases due to the reaction between ZnO and sulfur. ,, At higher temperatures and in the presence of moisture, CaCO 3 can also yield Ca­(OH) 2 (via reaction of CaCO 3(s) + ΔH → CaO (s) + CO 2(g) followed by CaO (s) + H 2 O (l) → Ca­(OH) 2(s) + ΔH). Several other components such as SiO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 , MgO, Na 2 O, and SO 3 can be inferred in the pristine rubber tire sample through ICP-OES analysis; however, they are not resolved in the XRD patterns of the tire crumbs.…”

Influence of filler system on the cure characteristics and mechanical properties of butyl reclaimed rubber

“…Usually, fillers are used to reinforce, improve, and modify rubber properties. When filler is added to rubber, it helps to increase the rubber modulus, abrasion, and tear resistance (Azrem et al 2013). In this research, carbon black and calcium carbonate were used to study the effects of filler systems (black and non-black) on the properties of reclaimed rubber.…”

Assessment of crosslink network and network defects of unfilled and filled ethylene‐propylene‐diene terpolymer using solid state nuclear magnetic relaxation spectroscopy

“…Consequently an investigation on the network structure, i.e., crosslink density, noncoupled network defects, and crosslink spatial distribution, of filled rubber is important. Most published works highlight the impact of filler loading on mechanical properties and crosslink density of rubbers . Some studies have focused on the effect of filler on the network structure of various rubbers .…”

“…Most published works highlight the impact of filler loading on mechanical properties and crosslink density of rubbers. [3][4][5][6][7] Some studies have focused on the effect of filler on the network structure of various rubbers. 1,2,[8][9][10] Unfortunately those works focus on relatively low loadings of filler whereas most technical applications of EPDM need high filler loadings.…”