The effects of carbohydrate structure on the composition and functionality of the human gut microbiota

Payling, L.; Fraser, Karl; Loveday, Simon M.; Sims, Ian M.; Roy, Nicole C.; McNabb, Warren C.

doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2020.01.009

Cited by 100 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…SCP, rather than the original CP, reverted the composition of gut microbiota in the immunosuppressed mice to normal status. This may due to the lower molecular mass, changed the molecular structure, and physical characteristics of SCP, improving its metabolism by the gut microbiota [28]. Our work agrees with previous reports showing that Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, as well as immunosuppression, could be ameliorated in the Cy-induced mice receiving supplementation with pectic heteropolysaccharide [7].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Treatment with Subcritical Water-Hydrolyzed Citrus Pectin Ameliorated Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression and Modulated Gut Microbiota Composition in ICR Mice

et al. 2020

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Subcritical water can effectively hydrolyze pectin into smaller molecules while still maintaining its functional regions. Pectic heteropolysaccharide can mediate immune regulation; however, the possible effects of subcritical water-hydrolyzed citrus pectin (SCP) on the immune response remain unclear. Therefore, the effects of SCP on immunomodulatory functions and intestinal microbial dysbiosis were investigated using a cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mouse model. In this research, immunosuppressed ICR mice were administrated with SCP at dosages of 300/600/1200 mg/kg.bw by oral gavage, and body weight, immune organ indexes, cytokines, and gut microbiota were determined. The results showed that subcritical water treatment decreased the molecular mass and increased the content of galacturonic acid in citrus pectin hydrolysates. Meanwhile, the treatment with SCP improved immunoregulatory functional properties and bioactivities over the original citrus pectin. For example, SCP protected immune organs (accelerated recovery of immune organ indexes) and significantly enhanced the expression of immune-related cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α). The results of the 16S rDNA sequencing analysis on an IlluminaMiSeq platform showed that SCP normalized Cy-induced gut dysbiosis. SCP ameliorated Cy-dependent changes in the relative abundance of several taxa, shifting the balance back to normal status (e.g., SCP increased beneficial Muribaculaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Bacteroidaceae, and Prevotellaceae while decreasing pathogenic Brevundimonas and Streptococcus). The results of this study suggest an innovative application of citrus pectin as an immunomodulator.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Treatment with Subcritical Water-Hydrolyzed Citrus Pectin Ameliorated Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression and Modulated Gut Microbiota Composition in ICR Mice

et al. 2020

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“…Different polysaccharides improve the growth of different gut microbiota, which is due to the structure of polysaccharides. The structure of polysaccharides, including macrostructure, mesostructured, and molecular structure, could directly affect their function of regulating various gut microbiota (Payling et al, 2020;You et al, 2020).…”

Section: Regulation Effects Of Indigestible Polysaccharides On Gut mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation effects of indigestible dietary polysaccharides on intestinal microflora: An overview

Ahmed

Yao

et al. 2020

J. Food Biochem.

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The human intestinal contains rich and diverse microbiota that utilizes a variety of polysaccharides. The intestinal microflora extends the metabolic functions of the body, obtaining energy from indigestible dietary polysaccharides. It is not only a highly competitive environment but also a comprehensive collaboration for these polysaccharides, as the microbiota work to maximize the energy harvested from them through the intestine. Indigestible dietary polysaccharides help to manage colon health and host health by affecting the gut microbial population. These polysaccharides also influence the metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota by stimulating the formation of SCFAs. Most of these metabolic activities affect host physiology because the epithelium absorbs secondary metabolites and end products or transports them to the liver, where they could exert other beneficial effects. This article reviews the carbohydrates existing in the human intestine, the regulating actions of indigestible polysaccharides on intestinal microflora, and the molecular basis of the degradation process of these polysaccharides. Practical applications Large deals of researches have shown that indigestible polysaccharides possess an outstanding regulation effect on the intestinal microflora, which indicates that indigestible polysaccharides have the potential to be used as prebiotics in the functional food and pharmaceutical industries. However, it is not clear how gut microbiota metabolizes these dietary polysaccharides, and how the resulting gut metabolites may further affect the intestinal microflora population and metabolism. This paper reviews the indigestible dietary polysaccharides existing in the human intestine, the regulation of polysaccharides on gut microbiota, and the molecular basis of the degradation process of these polysaccharides. This review helps to better understand the relationship between indigestible dietary polysaccharides and intestinal microflora, which will provide powerful evidence for the potential use of these polysaccharides as functional foods.

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“…Wine oligosaccharides (complex carbohydrate molecules) have been associated with significant physicochemical properties beneficial to consumers' health. So, some oligosaccharides such as arabinoxylan-, fructo-, gluco-, galacto-, isomalto-, mannan-, xylo-, soyo-oligosaccharides and others can be fermented, exerting benefits on the intestinal microbiota (prebiotic effect) [62,63]. In addition, it has been suggested pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides and arabinoxylooligosaccharides may have anti-cancer [64] and antioxidant effects [65,66].…”

Section: Wine Polyphenols In Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wine Intake in the Framework of a Mediterranean Diet and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases: A Short Literature Review of the Last 5 Years

2020

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Dietary habits are a determining factor of the higher incidence and prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In the aim to find a possible preventive and intervention strategy, the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been proposed as an effective approach. Within the MedDiet, moderate wine consumption with meals is a positive item in the MedDiet score; however, recent studies have reported a dose-response association between alcohol consumption and higher risk of a large number of NCDs. This review aimed to evaluate the association between NCDs and wine consumption in the framework of the MedDiet, with a simple review of 22 studies of the highest-level literature published over the last five years. We found that the information regarding the effects of wine in different health outcomes has not varied widely over the past five years, finding inconclusive results among the studies evaluated. Most of the literature agrees that light to moderate wine intake seems to have beneficial effects to some extent in NCDs, such as hypertension, cancer, dyslipidemia and dementia, but no definitive recommendations can be made on a specific dose intake that can benefit most diseases.

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The effects of carbohydrate structure on the composition and functionality of the human gut microbiota

Cited by 100 publications

References 99 publications

Treatment with Subcritical Water-Hydrolyzed Citrus Pectin Ameliorated Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression and Modulated Gut Microbiota Composition in ICR Mice

Treatment with Subcritical Water-Hydrolyzed Citrus Pectin Ameliorated Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression and Modulated Gut Microbiota Composition in ICR Mice

Regulation effects of indigestible dietary polysaccharides on intestinal microflora: An overview

Wine Intake in the Framework of a Mediterranean Diet and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases: A Short Literature Review of the Last 5 Years

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