The effects of car access on employment outcomes for welfare recipients

Breaking Down Barriers: Experiments into Policies That Might Incentivize Employers to Hire Ex-Offenders

“…• Residential mobility: The formerly incarcerated are more likely to move around (Harding, Morenoff, and Herbert, 2013), which can lead to joblessness. • Access to transportation: Financial implications of a criminal record or a sentence of the loss of a driver's license can limit access to transportation, and poor transportation (e.g., no vehicle, lengthy public transportation options) can lead to lower employment rates (Raphael and Rice, 2002;Gurley and Bruce, 2005;Lichtenwalter, Koeske, and Sales, 2006;Baum, 2009;Chamberlain, Boggess, and Powers, 2016).…”

Job Accessibility, Employment and Job-Education Mismatch in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona

“…First, given that job-education mismatch can be observed only among employed individuals, the job-education mismatch equation should be estimated on the condition of sample-selection based on unobservable factors that affect both employment decisions and job quality (following Büchel & Van Ham, 2003, Jauhiainen, 2011, Rubb, 2011, Devillanova, 2013, Sanromà & Ramos 2013and Croce & Ghignoni, 2013. Second, we consider private transport availability to represent a potential determinant of both employment and job-education mismatch, which is also likely to be related with unobservable factors that affect these two labour market outcomes (as noted by Raphael & Rice 2002, Gurley & Bruce 2005, Baum 2009, Bansak et al, 2010. Therefore, the empirical analysis is based on a recursive system of equations that enables these issues to be handled meaningfully and consistently.…”

The Impact of Social Class in the Hiring Process

“…Instead lower class individuals were more likely to select the tumultuous graph, perceiving their lives as more chaotic . In effect, chaotic situations such as unreliable transportation (Gurley & Bruce, 2005) or childcare (Brooks & Buckner, 1996;Gennetian, Crosby, Huston & Lowe, 2004) are often difficult for lower class individuals with limited resources to navigate. Perspectives about chaos have been shown to impact work related factors such as career choice.…”