The effects of cannabis and alcohol on simulated arterial driving: Influences of driving experience and task demand

Lenné, Michael G.; Dietze, Paul; Triggs, Thomas J; Walmsley, Susan Louise; Murphy, Brendán; Redman, Jennifer R.

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2009.04.021

Cited by 189 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Impairment is thus clearly alcohol dose-dependent for this automated driving parameter. This result is in accordance with past results; SDLPs are in fact known to be sensitive to the effects of psychotropic drugs, alcohol and fatigue, in natural and simulated driving situations (Liu et al 2009;Verster and Ramaekers 2009;Owens and Ramaekers 2009;Lenné 2010;Simons et al, 2012). The increase in SDLP values obtained with 0.5 g/l of alcohol relative to placebo (+2 cm) is relatively close to the values obtained in other studies using similar monotonous scenarios and BACs, which confirms the validity of our results (Vermeeren 2004;Kuyper et al 2006;Veldstra et al 2012).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…lateral control (SDLP) and longitudinal control (speed) (Lenné et al 2010;Mets et al 2011). Contrary to these results, the car following scenario with constant acceleration and deceleration of the lead vehicle previously failed to show alcohol effects (Veldstra et al 2011); it thus seems that it is notably in the period of stable speed by the lead vehicle that performance decrements occur.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The highway driving test also shows a dose-dependent relationship between the alcohol dose and performance degradation (Louwerens et al 1987). Automated driving performance, as measured by this test, is impaired by alcohol (0.4 g/l) and SDLP increases, while speed (SD) and the standard deviation of speed (SDSP) are sometimes increased (Arneth et al 2001, Lenné et al, 2010Ronen et al, 2010) and sometimes unaffected (West et al 1993;Kuypers et al 2006). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Vigilance level and eye tracking are also affected at very low doses of alcohol (Moskowitz et al 1985) and motor functions appear to be more affected than cognitive functions (Koelega 1995). Concerning driving, studies on simulators and on the road show deterioration in behavior starting at low level of alcohol; this deterioration increases with task difficulty (Ogden and Moskowitz 2004;Lenné et al 2010). Decisionmaking processes appear to be less affected than drivers' ability to divide attention, and the impairing effects of alcohol on performances is thus intensified when the driver is required to divide attention among distractor tasks while driving (Leung and Starmer 2005;Harrison and Fillmore 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is only more recently that research has systematically turned to behavioral modifications involving psychotropic drugs in more stimulating scenarios rather than monotonous ones, e.g. scenarios reflecting controlled modes of cognitive processing, such as car following scenarios and complex urban scenarios requiring set-shifts and cognitive strategies (Leung and Starmer 2005;Lenné et al 2010;Simons et al 2012). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of alcohol on automated and controlled driving performances

Berthelon¹,

Gineyt²

2013

Psychopharmacology

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Rationale: Alcohol is the most frequently detected substance in fatal automobile crashes, but its precise mode of action is not always clear.Objective: The present study was designed to establish the influence of blood alcohol concentration as a function of the complexity of the scenarios. Road scenarios implying automatic or controlled driving performances were manipulated in order to identify which behavioral parameters were deteriorated.Method: A single blind counterbalanced experiment was conducted on a driving simulator. Conclusion:Performance decrement was greater with driving scenarios involving automated processes than with scenarios involving controlled processes.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of alcohol on automated and controlled driving performances

Berthelon¹,

Gineyt²

2013

Psychopharmacology

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Association of Recreational Cannabis Laws in Colorado and Washington State With Changes in Traffic Fatalities, 2005-2017

et al. 2020

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IMPORTANCE An important consequence of cannabis legalization is the potential increase in the number of cannabis-impaired drivers on roads, which may result in higher rates of traffic-related injuries and fatalities. To date, limited information about the effects of recreational cannabis laws (RCLs) on traffic fatalities is available.OBJECTIVE To estimate the extent to which the implementation of RCLs is associated with traffic fatalities in Colorado and Washington State. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis ecological study used a synthetic control approach to examine the association between RCLs and changes in traffic fatalities in Colorado and Washington State in the post-RCL period (2014)(2015)(2016)(2017). Traffic fatalities data were obtained from the

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Cannabis and Driving in Older Adults

Di Ciano,

Rajji,

Hong

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceEpidemiological studies have found that cannabis increases the risk of a motor vehicle collision. Cannabis use is increasing in older adults, but laboratory studies of the association between cannabis and driving in people aged older than 65 years are lacking.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between cannabis, simulated driving, and concurrent blood tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) levels in older adults.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsUsing an ecologically valid counterbalanced design, in this cohort study, regular cannabis users operated a driving simulator before, 30 minutes after, and 180 minutes after smoking their preferred legal cannabis or after resting. This study was conducted in Toronto, Canada, between March and November 2022 with no follow-up period. Data were analyzed from December 2022 to February 2023.ExposuresMost participants chose THC-dominant cannabis with a mean (SD) content of 18.74% (6.12%) THC and 1.46% (3.37%) cannabidiol (CBD).Main outcomes and measuresThe primary end point was SD of lateral position (SDLP, or weaving). Secondary outcomes were mean speed (MS), maximum speed, SD of speed, and reaction time. Driving was assessed under both single-task and dual-task (distracted) conditions. Blood THC and metabolites of THC and CBD were also measured at the time of the drives.ResultsA total of 31 participants (21 male [68%]; 29 White [94%], 1 Latin American [3%], and 1 mixed race [3%]; mean [SD] age, 68.7 [3.5] years), completed all study procedures. SDLP was increased and MS was decreased at 30 but not 180 minutes after smoking cannabis compared with the control condition in both the single-task (SDLP effect size [ES], 0.30; b = 1.65; 95% CI, 0.37 to 2.93; MS ES, −0.58; b = −2.46; 95% CI, −3.56 to −1.36) and dual-task (SDLP ES, 0.27; b = 1.75; 95% CI, 0.21 to 3.28; MS ES, −0.47; b = −3.15; 95% CI, −5.05 to −1.24) conditions. Blood THC levels were significantly increased at 30 minutes but not 180 minutes. Blood THC was not correlated with SDLP or MS at 30 minutes, and SDLP was not correlated with MS. Subjective ratings remained elevated for 5 hours and participants reported that they were less willing to drive at 3 hours after smoking.Conclusions and relevanceIn this cohort study, the findings suggested that older drivers should exercise caution after smoking cannabis.

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The effects of cannabis and alcohol on simulated arterial driving: Influences of driving experience and task demand

Cited by 189 publications

References 30 publications

Effects of alcohol on automated and controlled driving performances

Effects of alcohol on automated and controlled driving performances

Association of Recreational Cannabis Laws in Colorado and Washington State With Changes in Traffic Fatalities, 2005-2017

Cannabis and Driving in Older Adults

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