The Effects of Cannabidiol, a Non-Intoxicating Compound of Cannabis, on the Cardiovascular System in Health and Disease

Kicman, Aleksandra; Toczek, Marek

doi:10.3390/ijms21186740

Cited by 85 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 160 publications

(508 reference statements)

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“…Intriguingly, brain hypoxemia, often silent, occurs also with COVID-19, potentially inducing long lasting sequelae even after remission. Furthermore, CBD mitigates in vivo widely differing forms of cardiomyopathies as has been shown in various animal models including ischemia/reperfusion arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, autoimmune myocarditis or diabetic cardiomyopathy (reviewed recently by [34,35]). This includes also a mouse model of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity [36].…”

Section: Cbd Reduces Neuroinflammationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Experimental Studies and First Retrospective Clinical Data Suggest a Possible Benefit of CBD in COVID-19

2021

J Pharmacol Pharm Res

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SARS-CoV-2 damages human cells and organs by multiple mechanisms. Intriguingly, preclinical studies have demonstrated that cannabidiol (CBD) may interact in many ways with virus entry and cell stress on one hand, and with inflammatory mechanisms affecting the lung and other organs on the other. A number of very recent in vitro and in silico studies demonstrate that CBD may be able to affect a high number of different proteins that are involved in the infection process, among them the Glucose Regulated Protein 78, heme oxygenase 1 (HO1), the virus-specific protease SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and apelin. Furthermore, a number of animal studies confirmed independently the anti-inflammatory and organ protective properties of CBD. As there is still no optimal treatment known, highly purified magisterial phyto-CBD has been included to a standard therapy for COVID-19 as an adjunct anti-inflammatory drug. A retrospective analysis of data of 30 patients hospitalised for COVID-19 and who received adjuvant low dose CBD (up to 300 mg/day), show a more pronounced reduction of virus load, normalisation of lymphocyte counts and of other abnormal laboratory parameters when compared to a non-matched group of patients who did not receive CBD.

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Section: Cbd Reduces Neuroinflammationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Experimental Studies and First Retrospective Clinical Data Suggest a Possible Benefit of CBD in COVID-19

2021

J Pharmacol Pharm Res

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“…Numerous studies have demonstrated a range of beneficial properties associated with CBD, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiarthritic, cardio- and neuroprotective, anticonvulsant, procognitive and analgesic effects (for detail, see reviews, for example, [ 51 , 52 , 53 ]). At the moment, there are two indications.…”

Section: Cannabidiol—pharmacological Potential and Mechanism Of Acmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One should also consider that vaping CBD was associated with severe COVID-19 problems [ 57 ] and not overlook the unclear impact of “over-the-counter” CBD on the immunity of the SARS-CoV-2 infection [ 62 ]. Due to the lack of rigorous legal regulations, CBD is indeed commonly used as over-the-counter product, often of unapproved and unknown composition [ 51 , 54 , 55 ].…”

Section: Cannabidiol—pharmacological Potential and Mechanism Of Acmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, CBD acts via many other molecular targets including G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs; for example, activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated γ (PPARγ) receptor and serotonin 5-HT 1A and 5-HT 2A receptors) and ionotropic receptors (e.g., activation of vanilloid TRPV1 but inhibition of serotonin 5-HT 3 receptors). Moreover, it inhibits various transporters (e.g., adenosine uptake) and enzyme activities (e.g., fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), an enzyme responsible for the degradation of the endocannabinoid anandamide) (for details and other molecular targets, see reviews [ 51 , 66 ]). In order to explain its effect against oxidative/nitrative stress, direct effects on the mitochondria and nuclei have been taken into consideration as additional molecular mechanisms [ 66 ].…”

Section: Cannabidiol—pharmacological Potential and Mechanism Of Acmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Opportunities, Challenges and Pitfalls of Using Cannabidiol as an Adjuvant Drug in COVID-19

Malinowska

Baranowska-Kuczko

Kicman

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may lead to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which, in turn, may be associated with multiple organ dysfunction. In this review, we present advantages and disadvantages of cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating phytocannabinoid from the cannabis plant, as a potential agent for the treatment of COVID-19. CBD has been shown to downregulate proteins responsible for viral entry and to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication. Preclinical studies have demonstrated its effectiveness against diseases of the respiratory system as well as its cardioprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and anti-convulsant properties, that is, effects that may be beneficial for COVID-19. Only the latter two properties have been demonstrated in clinical studies, which also revealed anxiolytic and antinociceptive effects of CBD (given alone or together with Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol), which may be important for an adjuvant treatment to improve the quality of life in patients with COVID-19 and to limit post-traumatic stress symptoms. However, one should be aware of side effects of CBD (which are rarely serious), drug interactions (also extending to drugs acting against COVID-19) and the proper route of its administration (vaping may be dangerous). Clearly, further clinical studies are necessary to prove the suitability of CBD for the treatment of COVID-19.

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“…For example, CBD acts as an agonist at the following receptors: transient receptor potential ankyrin subfamily member 1 (TRPA1) and vanilloid subfamily members 1–4 (TRPV1–4), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), orphan G-protein coupled receptors GPR55 and GPR18, and serotonin 5-HT 1A and 5-HT 2A receptors (partial agonist). Moreover, CBD is a positive allosteric modulator of α1-, α1β- and α3-glycine receptors (α1-, α1β- and α3-GlyR), μ- and δ-opioid receptors (μ- and δ-OR) and γ-aminobutyric acid receptor type A (GABA A ) [ 29 ]. Regarding stroke, Hayakawa et al have shown in a series of studies using a mouse model of MCAO that CBD administration reduced infarct size, possibly through 5-HT1A receptor and other mechanisms [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cannabidiol and Beta-Caryophyllene Alone or in Combination in a Mouse Model of Permanent Ischemia

Yokubaitis

Jessani

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Current treatments for stroke, which account for 6.5 million global deaths annually, remain insufficient for treatment of disability and mortality. One targetable hallmark of stroke is the inflammatory response following infarct, which leads to significant damage post-infarct. Cannabinoids and their endogenous targets within the CNS have emerged as potential treatments for neuroinflammatory indications. We and others have previously shown that synthetic agonists of the cannabinoid CB2 receptor reduce infarct size and microglial activation in rodent models of stroke. The non-cannabinoid receptor mediated effects of the phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) have also shown effectiveness in these models. The present aim was to determine the single and combined effects of the cannabis-derived sesquiterpene and putative CB2 receptor agonist β-caryophyllene (BCP) and CBD on permanent ischemia without reperfusion using a mouse model of photothrombosis. Because BCP and CBD likely work through different sites of action but share common mechanisms of action, we sought to determine whether combinations of BCP and CBD were more potent than either compound alone. Therefore we determined the effect of BCP (3–30 mg/kg IP) and CBD (3–30 mg/kg IP), given alone or in combination (30:3, 30:10, and 30:30 BCP:CBD), on infarct size, microglial activation, and motor performance.

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The Effects of Cannabidiol, a Non-Intoxicating Compound of Cannabis, on the Cardiovascular System in Health and Disease

Cited by 85 publications

References 160 publications

Experimental Studies and First Retrospective Clinical Data Suggest a Possible Benefit of CBD in COVID-19

Experimental Studies and First Retrospective Clinical Data Suggest a Possible Benefit of CBD in COVID-19

Opportunities, Challenges and Pitfalls of Using Cannabidiol as an Adjuvant Drug in COVID-19

Effects of Cannabidiol and Beta-Caryophyllene Alone or in Combination in a Mouse Model of Permanent Ischemia

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