The effects of cadmium chloride on secondary metabolite production in Vitis vinifera cv. cell suspension cultures

Abstract

BackgroundPlant secondary metabolites are possess several biological activities such as anti-mutagenic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-aging, etc. Cell suspension culture is one of the most effective systems to produce secondary metabolites. It is possible to increase the phenolic compounds and tocopherols by using cell suspensions. Studies on tocopherols production by cell suspension cultures are seldom and generally focused on seed oil plants. Although fresh grape, grape seed, pomace and grape seed oil had tocopherols, with our best knowledge, there is no research on tocopherol accumulation in the grape cell suspension cultures. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of cadmium chloride treatments on secondary metabolite production in cell suspension cultures of grapevine. Cell suspensions initiated from callus belonging to petiole tissue was used as a plant material. Cadmium chloride was applied to cell suspension cultures in different concentration (1.0 mM and 1.5 mM) to enhance secondary metabolite (total phenolics, total flavanols, total flavonols, trans-resveratrol, and α-, β-, γ- δ-tocopherols) production. Cells were harvested at two days intervals until the 6th day of cultures. Amounts of total phenolics, total flavanols and total flavonols; trans-resveratrol and tocopherols (α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherols) and dry cell weights were determined in the harvested cells.ResultsPhenolic contents were significantly affected by the sampling time and cadmium concentrations. The highest values of total phenolic (168.82 mg/100 g), total flavanol (15.94 mg/100 g), total flavonol (14.73 mg/100 g) and trans-resveratrol (490.76 μg/100 g) were found in cells treated with 1.0 mM CdCl2 and harvested at day 2. Contents of tocopherols in the cells cultured in the presence of 1.0 mM CdCl2 gradually increased during the culture period and the highest values of α, β and γ tocopherols (145.61, 25.52 and 18.56 μg/100 g) were detected in the cell cultures collected at day 6.ConclusionsAs a conclusion, secondary metabolite contents were increased by cadmium chloride application and sampling time, while dry cell weights was reduced by cadmium chloride treatments.

Calcium and Potassium Supplementation Enhanced Growth, Osmolyte Secondary Metabolite Production, and Enzymatic Antioxidant Machinery in Cadmium-Exposed Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

“…The increase in Cd content decreased the free flavonoids content in the present study. Low concentration of Cd stress increases the flavonoids content in many plants; however, at higher concentrations a decrease was observed (Cetin et al, 2014 ) as also observed in present study. Phenolic compounds played a key role in protecting the plants against toxic effects induced by different stresses.…”

“…Accumulation of protective solutes like Pro and protein in the leaf is a unique plant response to heavy metal stress (El-Beltagi and Mohamed, 2013 ). Total phenols and flavonoids got induced under low concentrations of metal stress in plants; however, their levels can decline at higher metal concentrations (Cetin et al, 2014 ). During the last decade, efforts were made to control the level and improve the efficiency of above mentioned defense system components by exogenously supplying mineral elements (Anjum et al, 2012 ; Nazar et al, 2012 ) and phytohormones (Khan et al, 2012 ; Asgher et al, 2015 ) to the stressed plants.…”

Hormesis in Plants: The Role of Oxidative Stress, Auxins and Photosynthesis in Corn Treated with Cd or Pb

“…They also discovered that flavonols increased the activities of the antioxidant enzymes and detoxified the ROS, which prevented oxidative damage [60]. Moreover, Cetin et al [61] described the dose-dependent stimulation of the synthesis of flavonols in grape cell suspension cultures that had been treated with Cd. These results are in agreement with the data obtained in our work, which suggests that the corn plants maintained the H 2 O 2 content at the level of the control due to a higher content of flavonols, which seems to be a part of the hormesis mechanism (Figure 6c,d).…”

Grape pre-evaluation by berry-leaf biochemistry quantitative correlation analysis

“…Except for providing a leaf-dependent berry preevaluation method, the obtained results have also provided a basic relationship between results from in vitro and in vivo experiments. Nowadays, many elicitors have proved to be able to induce or modify certain kinds of secondary metabolite in grape suspension cells (Tassoni et al, 2012;Cetin et al, 2014;Cai et al, 2011;Chao et al, 2015), but if all these elicitors or factors can also cause similar responses in grapevine at plant level or fruits, is still lack the theoretic basis. In fact, some elicitors or factors did cause similar secondary metabolic responses both at plant and cell level of grapevine.…”