The effects of breed and level of nutrition on whole-body and muscle protein metabolism in pure-bred Aberdeen Angus and Charolais beef steers

Lobley, G. E.; Sinclair, Kevin D.; Grant, Christine; Miller, Larry R.; Mantle, David; Calder, Andrew A.; Warkup, C C; Maltin, C A

doi:10.1017/s0007114500001550

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In consequence, the 'efficiency' of gain (relative to incremental synthesis) remained high. The relative insensitivity of peripheral tissue protein breakdown to intake may have implications for strategies based on increasing proteolysis post-mortem as a mechanism for production of more tender meat (see Lobley et al 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of feed intake on ovine hindlimb protein metabolism based on thirteen amino acids and arterio–venous techniques

Hoskin¹,

Savary²,

Zuur

et al. 2001

Br J Nutr

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It has been suggested that protein synthesis in peripheral tissues: (1) responds in a curvilinear manner to increasing feed intake over a wide range of feeding levels; and (2) has a greater sensitivity to intake than protein breakdown. The aim of the present experiment was to test these hypotheses across the ovine hindlimb. Six growing sheep (6 -8 months, 30 -35 kg), with catheters in the aorta (two), posterior vena cava and jugular vein, received each of four intakes of dried grass pellets (0 : 5, 1 : 0, 1 : 5 and 2 : 5 Â maintenance energy; M) for a minimum of 7 d. A U-13 C-labelled algal hydrolysate was infused intravenously for 10 h and from 3 -9 h para-aminohippuric acid was infused to measure plasma flow. Arterial and venous plasma were obtained over the last 4 h and the concentrations and enrichments of thirteen 13 C-labelled amino acids (AA) were determined by GC -MS. As intake increased, a positive linear response was found for plasma flow, arterial concentrations of the aromatic and branched-chain AA, total flow of all AA into the hindquarters and net mass balance across the hindquarters (except glycine and alanine). Based on two separate statistical analyses, the data for protein synthesis showed a significant linear effect with intake (except for phenylalanine, glycine and alanine). No significant curvilinear effect was found, which tends not to support hypothesis 1. Nonetheless, protein synthesis was not significantly different between 0 : 5, 1 : 0 and 1 : 5 Â M and thus the 2 : 5 Â M intake level was largely responsible for the linear relationship found. There was no significant response in protein breakdown to intake, which supports hypothesis 2.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of feed intake on ovine hindlimb protein metabolism based on thirteen amino acids and arterio–venous techniques

Hoskin¹,

Savary²,

Zuur

et al. 2001

Br J Nutr

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“…When looking at the few studies in Supplementary Table S2 where feed efficiency was compared at similar DM intake, in an attempt to avoid the confounding effect of intake, results suggest a role of protein turnover rate Cantalapiedra-Hijar, Abo-Ismail, Carstens, Guan, Hegarty, Kenny, McGee, Plastow, Relling and Ortigues-Marty beyond the effect of intake: two out three fish studies (Studies #17 and 18) found that whole-body protein turnover decreased in high growth-efficient animals, whereas the third did not find statistical differences (Study #26). In ruminants protein turnover rate has been shown to increase as the level of intake increases (Lobley et al, 2000) but this relationship could be completely inverted in high growthefficiency genetic lines (Studies #19 and 21). Interestingly and in the same direction, a different protein degradation response to feed intake was observed in healthy human adults classed as efficient v. non-efficient in terms of feed protein utilization: the most efficient individuals decreased their protein degradation as feed intake increased to a greater extent than less efficient ones (Fereday et al, 1998).…”

Section: Protein Turnovermentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This means that in growing animals the protein turnover can be indirectly assessed through the intensity of protein degradation. The protein turnover in growing-fattening young bulls is huge compared with the net protein deposition with as high as 94% of the whole body protein synthesis only serving to counterbalance the protein degradation (Lobley et al, 2000). This huge turnover is accompanied by a considerable individual genetic variation (Hawkins, 1991;Oddy et al, 1995).…”

Section: Protein Turnovermentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Biological determinants of between-animal variation in feed efficiency of growing beef cattle

Cantalapiedra-Hijar

Abo-Ismail

Carstens

et al. 2018

Animal

166

112

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Animal's feed efficiency in growing cattle (i.e. the animal ability to reach a market or adult BW with the least amount of feed intake), is a key factor in the beef cattle industry. Feeding systems have made huge progress to understand dietary factors influencing the average animal feed efficiency. However, there exists a considerable amount of animal-to-animal variation around the average feed efficiency observed in beef cattle reared in similar conditions, which is still far from being understood. This review aims to identify biological determinants and molecular pathways involved in the between-animal variation in feed efficiency with particular reference to growing beef cattle phenotyped for residual feed intake (RFI). Moreover, the review attempts to distinguish true potential determinants from those revealed through simple associations or indirectly linked to RFI through their association with feed intake. Most representative and studied biological processes which seem to be connected to feed efficiency were reviewed, such as feeding behaviour, digestion and methane production, rumen microbiome structure and functioning, energy metabolism at the whole body and cellular levels, protein turnover, hormone regulation and body composition. In addition, an overall molecular network analysis was conducted for unravelling networks and their linked functions involved in between-animal variation in feed efficiency. The results from this review suggest that feeding and digestive-related mechanisms could be associated with RFI mainly because they co-vary with feed intake. Although much more research is warranted, especially with high-forage diets, the role of feeding and digestive related mechanisms as true determinants of animal variability in feed efficiency could be minor. Concerning the metabolic-related mechanisms, despite the scarcity of studies using reference methods it seems that feed efficient animals have a significantly lower energy metabolic rate independent of the associated intake reduction. This lower heat production in feed efficient animals may result from a decreased protein turnover and a higher efficiency of ATP production in mitochondria, both mechanisms also identified in the molecular network analysis. In contrast, hormones and body composition could not be conclusively related to animal-to-animal variation in feed efficiency. The analysis of potential biological networks underlying RFI variations highlighted other significant pathways such as lipid metabolism and immunity and stress response. Finally, emerging knowledge suggests that metabolic functions underlying genetic variation in feed efficiency could be associated with other important traits in animal production. This emphasizes the relevance of understanding the biological basis of relevant animal traits to better define future balanced breeding programmes.

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“…In rats, muscle protein synthesis was positively correlated with the content of slow oxidative fibres (Garlick et al 1989;Baillie & Garlick, 1991). Lobley et al (1990) in sheep, and Dawson et al (1991) in cattle, found no difference in muscle protein synthetic rate between MV and LD, but Lobley et al (2000) reported significant differences between these two muscles in cattle. Maltin et al (2001) reported that VM in cattle contained a higher percentage frequency and area of slow oxidative fibres than LD, which is consistent with the higher rates of protein synthesis in VM reported in the present study.…”

Section: Amino Acidmentioning

confidence: 88%

Effect of plasma insulin and branched-chain amino acids on skeletal muscle protein synthesis in fasted lambs

Wester

Lobley²,

Birnie

et al. 2004

Br J Nutr

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The increase in fractional rate of protein synthesis (K s ) in the skeletal muscle of growing rats during the transition from fasted to fed state has been explained by the synergistic action of a rise in plasma insulin and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA). Since growing lambs also exhibit an increase in K s with level of feed intake, the objective of the present study was to determine if this synergistic relationship between insulin and BCAA also occurs in ruminant animals. Six 30 kg fasted (72 h) lambs (8 months of age) received each of four treatments, which were based on continuous infusion into the jugular vein for 6 h of: (1) saline (155 mmol NaCl/l); (2) a mixture of BCAA (0·778 mmol leucine, 0·640 mmol isoleucine and 0·693 mmol valine/min·kg); (3) 18·7 mmol glucose/min·kg (to induce endogenous insulin secretion); (4) co-infusion of BCAA and glucose. Within each period all animals received the same isotope of phenylalanine (Phe) as follows: (1) H]Phe. Blood was sampled serially during infusions to measure plasma concentrations of insulin, glucose and amino acids, and plasma free Phe isotopic activity; biopsies were taken 6 h after the beginning of infusions to determine K s in m. longissimus dorsi and vastus muscle. Compared with control (saline-infused) lambs, K s was increased by an average of 40 % at the end of glucose infusion, but this effect was not statistically significant in either of the muscles sampled. BCAA infusion, alone or in combination with glucose, also had no significant effect on K s compared with control sheep. K s was approximately 60 % greater for vastus muscle than for m. longissimus dorsi (P,0·01), regardless of treatment. It is concluded that there are signals other than insulin and BCAA that are responsible for the feed-induced increase in K s in muscle of growing ruminant animals.

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The effects of breed and level of nutrition on whole-body and muscle protein metabolism in pure-bred Aberdeen Angus and Charolais beef steers

Cited by 26 publications

References 30 publications

Effect of feed intake on ovine hindlimb protein metabolism based on thirteen amino acids and arterio–venous techniques

Effect of feed intake on ovine hindlimb protein metabolism based on thirteen amino acids and arterio–venous techniques

Review: Biological determinants of between-animal variation in feed efficiency of growing beef cattle

Effect of plasma insulin and branched-chain amino acids on skeletal muscle protein synthesis in fasted lambs

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