The Effects of Breastfeeding and Breast Milk Taste or Smell on Mitigating Painful Procedures in Newborns: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Parental involvement in mitigating procedural pain for infants using non-pharmacological approaches

“…In the study, surprisingly, parents exhibited a limited preference for non-pharmacological methods such as skin-to-skin contact, breastfeeding and listening to recorded music, which are commonly used interventions to reduce pain in infants. Strikingly, these non-pharmacological approaches represent the most commonly favoured interventions for mitigating pain in infants 3 4. When parents implement these non-pharmacological approaches, they typically do not necessitate guidance.…”

Effect of non-pharmacological interventions on pain in preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

“…Previous systematic reviews have primarily examined the effectiveness of individual or combined non-pharmacologic interventions for the treatment of pain in preterm infants [ 13 – 15 , 17 , 18 ]. While there have been several recent systematic reviews assessing the effectiveness of different non-pharmacological interventions, it is important to note that these reviews have not encompassed the entire spectrum of interventions, and the evidence has not been consolidated [ 11 , 16 , 19 , 20 ].…”

“…In recent years, non-pharmacological interventions such as skin-to-skin contact, non-nutritive sucking, facilitated tucking position, breastfeeding, oral sucrose, olfactory stimulation, and music therapy have emerged as effective methods for pain management in preterm infants [11,12]. Evidence has already confirmed their efficacy and safety in pain management and some other pain-related indicators such as oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, and heart rate [13][14][15][16][17][18].…”