The effects of booster vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine on children 5–15 years after primary immunization: A 5-year follow-up study

Wu, Zikang; Yao, Jun; Bao, Hongdan; Chen, Yongdi; Lu, Shunshun; Li, Jing; Yang, Linna; Jiang, Zhenggang; Ren, Jingjing; Xu, Kaijin; Ruan, Bing; Yang, Shigui; Xie, Tiansheng; Li, Qian

doi:10.1080/21645515.2018.1426419

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In addition, antibody titers steadily decreased with age, while infectionrelated immunity increased. Although women were in the majority in our study, there was no association between gender and HepB immune response, which was consistent with previous studies (17,20).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In addition, after giving HepB vaccine at birth, the protective immune response was lost in 10% of the Taiwanese adolescent population (16). This may be associated with loss of immunologic memory, attenuation of anti-HBs, and increased risk of transmission (17). An anti-HBs titer of ≥ 10 mIU/mL is considered protective against HBV infection (18), and reduced vaccine immunity is of concern as it could lead to an outbreak of hepatitis infection and put an entire population at risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-vaccination Immunity Against Hepatitis B Among Mongolian Adolescents and Youths

et al. 2022

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Background: Mongolia introduced vaccination against hepatitis B (HepB) in 1991, leading to a significant decline in the number of infections and mortality associated with the liver disease among this generation. However, the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and mortality rates among people born before the vaccination program have not declined. Although several studies have been conducted in Mongolia since the introduction of the HepB immunization program, long-term immunity has not been studied at the national level. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV infection in adolescents and young adults who received HepB vaccinations at 0, 2, and 8 months after birth and to assess their post-vaccination immunity against hepatitis B. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2016 and December 2018 and included a sample aged 10 to 27 years in Mongolia who had received HepB vaccination according to the national program. A total of 3591 individuals were randomly selected, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Blood samples were collected, and serum titers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs), and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) were determined by a two-step sandwich chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay. The age-specific geometric mean of anti-HBs was also estimated. Results: Overall, 98.3% of participants were vaccinated against HepB as infants, according to the interview. The majority had an inadequate anti-HBs titer, while 17.9% had an anti-HBs level of > 10 mIU/mL, of whom 5.7% had immunity induced by HBV infection. Up to 4% of children aged 10 - 19 years and an average of 8% of young adults were serologically positive for HBsAg. The geometric mean anti-HBs titer declined with age, from an average of 40.4 mIU/mL in 10-year-old children to 14.1 IU/mL in 27-year-old adults (P < 0.001). Conclusions: In Mongolia, a small proportion of the population aged 10 - 27 years is immune to HBV, and the geometric mean titer of anti-HBS tended to decrease with age. In order to attain long-term protection against HBV, booster vaccination in adulthood may be necessary.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-vaccination Immunity Against Hepatitis B Among Mongolian Adolescents and Youths

et al. 2022

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“…The decrease in anti-HBs antibodies over time below the seroprotection threshold is a controversial issue. Several studies have shown that individuals with aHBs levels between 1 and 9.99 mIU/mL quickly recover seroprotective aHBs levels after receiving a booster [19][20][21][22], due to immune memory [23,24]. In this context, the available bibliography widely reports that individuals with aHBs levels between 1 and 9.99 mIU/mL mostly generate an adequate anamnestic response and, therefore, are considered protected against HBV infection [25][26][27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B surface antibodies seroprevalence among people born before and after implementation of universal HBV vaccination

Lello

Blejer²,

Alter³

et al. 2020

Vaccine

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Universal vaccination is the most effective strategy to control hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In Argentina, vaccination against HBV was incorporated in year 2000 for newborns and in 2003 for 11 years old children. However, there is a paucity of data about protection levels against HBV infection. The aim of this work was to determine the prevalence of seroprotective anti-HBs antibodies (aHBs) in Argentina. Serum samples negative for HBsAg and anti-HBc from 132 children born after year 2000 and 762 blood donors, older than 18 years, from five centers across the country, were analyzed for aHBs. Titers !10 mIU/mL were observed in 74/132 children (56.1%) and 336/762 (44.1%) in blood donors. The median age for blood donors was 33.9 (23-43); from them, 210 (27.6%) were born after 1992 and, therefore, were catch-up by vaccine implementation at 11 years old age. Donors born in 1992 or before showed a significantly lower frequency of protection (32.2%) compared to donors born after 1992 (75.2%), p < 0.0001. In addition, significant differences were observed in the status of seroprotection between different participating centers (p = 0.024). Implementation of HBV vaccine in 2000 and 2003 implied an overall increase of the aHBs seroprotective rates, with a particularly adequate response in children vaccinated at 11 years old age. The observed results suggest that population born in 1992 or before is currently the most susceptible. Consequently, it would be advisable to become aware of the risk of transmission in this age group and to stress this population vaccination campaigns.

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“…HBV is highly infectious, transmitted through blood or sexual contact, and is estimated to affect nearly 300 million people worldwide, causing more than 800 000 deaths annually, most of which are due to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. , The traditional and effective strategy to prevent HBV infection is vaccination against hepatitis B. However, three doses of hepatitis B vaccine according to the routine vaccination schedule at 0, 1, and 6 months in healthy populations still produce no hepattis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) or produce anti-HBs at titers <10 U/L in 5% to 10% of vaccinated individuals with a nonresponsive status. , …”

Section: Advances In the Clinical Application Of Cancer Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Cancer Vaccine Research

Liu,

Xiao,

Zhang

et al. 2023

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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The use of cancer vaccines is considered a promising therapeutic strategy in clinical oncology, which is achieved by stimulating antitumor immunity with tumor antigens delivered in the form of cells, peptides, viruses, and nucleic acids. The ideal cancer vaccine has many advantages, including low toxicity, specificity, and induction of persistent immune memory to overcome tumor heterogeneity and reverse the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Many therapeutic vaccines have entered clinical trials for a variety of cancers, including melanoma, breast cancer, lung cancer, and others. However, many challenges, including single antigen targeting, weak immunogenicity, off-target effects, and impaired immune response, have hindered their broad clinical translation. In this review, we introduce the principle of action, components (including antigens and adjuvants), and classification (according to applicable objects and preparation methods) of cancer vaccines, summarize the delivery methods of cancer vaccines, and review the clinical and theoretical research progress of cancer vaccines. We also present new insights into cancer vaccine technologies, platforms, and applications as well as an understanding of potential next-generation preventive and therapeutic vaccine technologies, providing a broader perspective for future vaccine design.

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The effects of booster vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine on children 5–15 years after primary immunization: A 5-year follow-up study

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

Post-vaccination Immunity Against Hepatitis B Among Mongolian Adolescents and Youths

Post-vaccination Immunity Against Hepatitis B Among Mongolian Adolescents and Youths

Hepatitis B surface antibodies seroprevalence among people born before and after implementation of universal HBV vaccination

Advances in Cancer Vaccine Research

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